Pre-eclampsia

Gambaran umum

Pre-eclampsia is a condition that can happen during pregnancy, usually after 20 weeks. It causes high blood pressure and signs of damage to organs like the liver or kidneys. It can be serious for both the mother and the baby if not managed.

Pre-eclampsia affects about 1 in 20 pregnancies (5%). It is one of the most common complications of pregnancy.

It mostly affects pregnant women, especially first-time mothers. It can also occur in women with a history of high blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney disease, and those carrying twins or triplets.

Gejala

Gejala umum

• High blood pressure (often found during a prenatal check-up)
• Swelling in the hands, face, or feet that comes on suddenly or is severe
• Protein in the urine (detected by a urine test)
• Sudden weight gain (more than 5 pounds in a week)

Penyebab

Penyebab utama

• The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is linked to problems with the placenta – the organ that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the baby.

Faktor risiko

• First pregnancy
• Previous pregnancy with pre-eclampsia
• Obesity (having a BMI of 30 or higher)
• Age over 40
• Carrying more than one baby (twins, triplets)
• Pre-existing high blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney disease
• Family history of pre-eclampsia

Kapan harus ke dokter

Segera temui dokter jika:

• If you have any symptoms listed under 'emergency' – call your local emergency number or go to the emergency room immediately.
• If you notice sudden swelling in your hands, face, or feet, contact your midwife or maternity unit the same day.

Buat janji temu rutin jika:

• Attend all your prenatal appointments – blood pressure and urine checks are routine and can catch pre-eclampsia early.

Diagnosis

Pre-eclampsia is diagnosed when a pregnant woman has high blood pressure and signs of damage to organs (usually the kidneys) after 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Tes yang mungkin dilakukan

• Blood pressure check
• Urine test to check for protein
• Blood tests to check liver and kidney function and platelet count

Apa yang diharapkan saat janji temu

If your doctor or midwife suspects pre-eclampsia, they will likely check your blood pressure and urine at each visit. If it is diagnosed, you may be monitored more closely with regular blood tests and ultrasound scans to check your baby's growth.

Perawatan

The only cure for pre-eclampsia is delivering the baby, but treatment focuses on managing blood pressure and monitoring you and your baby to decide the best timing for delivery.

Perawatan mandiri di rumah

• Rest and lie on your left side to improve blood flow
• Monitor your blood pressure at home if advised by your healthcare team
• Keep all prenatal appointments so your condition can be watched closely

Perawatan medis

Treatment may include medications to lower blood pressure and sometimes other medicines to prevent seizures. If pre-eclampsia is severe or close to full term, your healthcare team may recommend delivering your baby early, which can be via induction of labour or a caesarean section. The exact approach depends on how many weeks pregnant you are and how severe the condition is.

Kapan operasi dipertimbangkan?

If pre-eclampsia is severe and your baby needs to be delivered quickly, a caesarean section may be necessary to keep both of you safe.

Hidup dengan kondisi ini

Living with pre-eclampsia often means more rest and frequent check-ups with your healthcare team. You may need to monitor your blood pressure at home and watch for new symptoms.

Tips gaya hidup

• Get plenty of rest and avoid heavy physical activity
• Lie on your left side when resting to improve circulation
• Reduce stress and avoid strenuous work

Diet dan olahraga

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables. Avoid adding salt to your food. Mild activity like walking may be okay, but follow your healthcare team’s advice. Do not start any new exercise without checking with them.

Kesehatan mental dan kesejahteraan emosional

Having pre-eclampsia can be stressful and worrying. It is normal to feel anxious. Talk to your healthcare team about your feelings. If you feel very down, anxious, or have thoughts of harming yourself, contact your doctor or call a crisis helpline right away.

Pencegahan

Pre-eclampsia cannot always be prevented. However, if you have risk factors, your doctor may recommend taking a low dose of calcium or a low dose of aspirin from early pregnancy – but only after discussing with your healthcare provider. Do not take any medicines without advice.

Program skrining

All pregnant women are screened for pre-eclampsia through blood pressure checks and urine tests at every prenatal visit. This helps catch it early.

Komplikasi

Jika tidak diobati

• Seizures (eclampsia) – a serious condition where the mother has convulsions
• Stroke (brain damage from bleeding or lack of blood flow)
• Organ damage, especially to the liver or kidneys
• Placental abruption – when the placenta separates from the womb too early
• Poor growth of the baby or premature birth

Prospek jangka panjang

With proper care, most women with pre-eclampsia deliver healthy babies and recover fully after birth. The condition usually goes away within a few days to a few weeks after delivery. However, women who have had pre-eclampsia have a higher risk of high blood pressure and heart disease later in life, so it is important to keep up with regular health check-ups.

Cari dukungan

Organisasi internasional

• Preeclampsia Foundation ↗
• World Health Organization (WHO) – Maternal Health ↗

Organisasi lokal

• NHS – Pre-eclampsia ↗ · United Kingdom
• Action on Pre-eclampsia (APEC) ↗ · United Kingdom

Saluran bantuan

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