의학 용어집
일상적인 언어로 설명된 50가지 흔한 의학 용어. 교육 목적으로만 제공되며 의학적 조언이 아닙니다.
A
- Acute
- Sudden in onset and often short in duration, as opposed to chronic (long-lasting).
- Anaemia
- A condition where you have fewer red blood cells or less haemoglobin than normal, which can cause tiredness.
- Antibody
- A protein made by the immune system that helps fight infections.
- Antigen
- A substance that triggers the immune system to produce antibodies, such as from a virus or vaccine.
- Asymptomatic
- Having a condition but showing no symptoms or signs of illness.
B
- Bacteria
- Tiny single-celled organisms. Some cause infections; others are harmless or helpful.
- Benign
- Not cancerous; does not spread to other parts of the body.
- Biopsy
- A procedure where a small sample of tissue is taken for examination under a microscope.
- Blood pressure
- The force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps.
C
- Chronic
- Lasting a long time — often months or years.
- Complication
- A problem that develops as a result of a disease, procedure, or treatment.
- Contraindication
- A reason why a particular treatment or medicine should not be used because it may be harmful.
- CT scan
- A type of imaging that uses X-rays and computers to create detailed pictures of the inside of the body.
D
- Diagnosis
- The identification of a disease or condition based on symptoms, tests, and examination.
- Discharge
- When a patient is allowed to leave hospital after treatment, or fluid that comes from a body opening.
- Dosage
- The amount of medicine prescribed and how often it should be taken.
E
- Edema
- Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues.
- Epidemic
- A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a particular area.
- Etiology
- The cause or origin of a disease.
F
- Fracture
- A break in a bone.
G
- Genetic
- Related to genes — the instructions in your cells that you inherit from your parents.
H
- Haemoglobin
- A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body.
- Hypertension
- High blood pressure — when the force of blood against artery walls is consistently too high.
- Hypotension
- Low blood pressure — when blood pressure is lower than normal, which can cause dizziness or fainting.
I
- Immune system
- The body's natural defence against infections and harmful substances.
- Incidence
- The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a given time.
- Inflammation
- The body's response to injury or infection, often causing redness, swelling, heat, and pain.
- Inpatient
- A patient who stays in hospital for at least one night for treatment.
L
- Lesion
- An area of damaged or abnormal tissue, such as a wound, sore, or tumour.
M
- Malignant
- Cancerous; can grow and spread to other parts of the body.
- Metastasis
- When cancer spreads from one part of the body to another.
- MRI
- Magnetic resonance imaging — a scan that uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues.
N
- Non-invasive
- A test or treatment that does not require cutting into the body or inserting instruments inside it.
O
- Outpatient
- A patient who receives treatment without staying overnight in hospital.
P
- Palliative care
- Care focused on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life, often for serious or long-term illness.
- Pathology
- The study of disease — examining tissues, cells, and body fluids to understand what is causing illness.
- Prognosis
- The likely course and outcome of a disease.
R
- Radiology
- The branch of medicine that uses imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI to diagnose conditions.
- Recurrence
- When a disease or condition comes back after treatment or a period of improvement.
- Remission
- A period when signs and symptoms of a disease are reduced or disappear.
S
- Screening
- A test offered to people who have no symptoms, to detect a disease early.
- Side effect
- An unwanted effect of a medicine or treatment, in addition to its intended benefit.
- Signs
- What a doctor or nurse can observe or measure, such as a rash, fever, or high blood pressure.
- Symptom
- Something you feel or notice that may indicate a health problem, such as pain or tiredness.
T
- Terminal
- Describing an illness that cannot be cured and is expected to lead to death.
- Triage
- The process of deciding the order of treatment based on how urgent each person's needs are.
U
- Ultrasound
- An imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of structures inside the body.
V
- Vaccine
- A substance that helps the immune system recognise and fight specific infections.
- Viral
- Caused by a virus — a tiny germ that can infect cells and spread between people.
W
- White blood cells
- Cells in the blood that help fight infection and are part of the immune system.
X
- X-ray
- A quick imaging test that uses a small amount of radiation to create pictures of bones and some organs.