Psoriasis

Gambaran keseluruhan

Psoriasis is a long-term skin condition that causes red, scaly patches on the skin. It happens when the immune system speeds up skin cell growth, leading to a build-up of cells on the surface.

Yes, psoriasis is quite common. About 2–3% of people worldwide have it, including around 1.8 million people in the UK.

Psoriasis can start at any age, but most often appears between ages 15 and 35. It affects men and women equally.

Gejala

Gejala biasa

• Red, raised patches of skin covered with silvery scales.
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed or itch.
• Thickened, pitted, or ridged nails.
• Stiff, swollen joints (psoriatic arthritis).

Gejala pada kanak-kanak

• Smaller, thinner plaques that may not be as scaly as in adults.
• Common on the scalp, face, and skin folds.
• Sometimes misdiagnosed as diaper rash or eczema.

Gejala pada orang dewasa yang lebih tua

• Skin may become more fragile and prone to bleeding.
• Plaques can be thicker and more persistent.
• Joint symptoms (psoriatic arthritis) are more common.

Punca

Punca utama

• An overactive immune system that mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, causing rapid cell turnover.
• Genetics—psoriasis runs in families and certain genes increase the risk.
• Triggers such as stress, infections (especially strep throat), skin injuries, certain medications, and cold weather.

Faktor risiko

• Family history of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis.
• Having an autoimmune condition like Crohn's disease.
• Obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use can worsen symptoms.
• Stress and some infections (such as strep throat) can trigger flare-ups.

Bila perlu berjumpa doktor

Jumpa doktor dengan segera jika:

• If you have joint pain, swelling, or stiffness—this could be psoriatic arthritis and needs early treatment.
• If your skin becomes very red and painful over a large area.
• If you develop pus-filled blisters with fever or chills.

Buat temujanji rutin jika:

• If you have a rash that doesn't go away or is itchy, scaly, or uncomfortable.
• If psoriasis affects your nails, scalp, or genitals.
• If over-the-counter treatments (like moisturisers) are not helping.

Diagnosis

A doctor usually diagnoses psoriasis by looking at your skin, scalp, and nails. They will ask about your symptoms, family history, and any triggers. In some cases, they may take a small skin sample (a biopsy) to confirm.

Ujian yang mungkin dilakukan

• Physical exam of the skin, nails, and joints.
• Skin biopsy—a tiny piece of skin is removed and examined under a microscope.
• Blood tests to rule out other conditions or check for psoriatic arthritis.

Apa yang diharapkan semasa temujanji anda

The doctor will ask about your medical history and examine your skin. The process is quick and usually painless. If a biopsy is needed, they will numb the area first. You’ll have a chance to discuss treatment options and next steps.

Rawatan

Treatment aims to control symptoms, reduce inflammation, and slow skin cell growth. The right approach depends on the severity of your psoriasis, where it appears, and your overall health. Most people start with topical creams and may progress to light therapy or systemic medications if needed.

Penjagaan diri di rumah

• Keep skin well-moisturised with fragrance-free emollients.
• Avoid scratching—use cool compresses or anti-itch creams (ask your pharmacist).
• Identify and avoid your personal triggers, such as stress or certain foods.
• Gently remove scales by soaking in a warm bath and using a soft cloth.

Rawatan perubatan

Doctors may prescribe creams, ointments, or gels applied to the skin (topical treatments). For moderate to severe psoriasis, light therapy (phototherapy) using ultraviolet light may be used. Systemic treatments are oral or injectable medications that work throughout the body. Your doctor will discuss the options and choose the safest treatment for you.

Bila pembedahan dipertimbangkan?

Surgery is not used to treat psoriasis itself. However, if you have psoriatic arthritis that damages joints, joint replacement surgery might be considered.

Hidup dengan keadaan ini

Living with psoriasis means managing flare-ups and keeping skin comfortable. Many people find a daily skin care routine helps. It’s important to protect your mental health, as psoriasis can affect self-esteem and quality of life.

Tip gaya hidup

• Use gentle, unscented soaps and moisturisers.
• Wear soft, breathable fabrics like cotton.
• Manage stress with relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol, as they can worsen psoriasis.

Diet dan senaman

A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce inflammation. Regular exercise can improve joint health if you have psoriatic arthritis and help with weight management, which reduces symptoms.

Kesihatan mental dan kesejahteraan emosi

Psoriasis can cause embarrassment, anxiety, and depression. It’s common to feel self-conscious about your skin. If you feel overwhelmed, talk to a healthcare professional or a counsellor. You are not alone.

Pencegahan

Psoriasis cannot be prevented because it is linked to genes and the immune system. However, you may reduce flare-ups by avoiding triggers, managing stress, and keeping your skin healthy.

Vaksin

There is no vaccine for psoriasis. But stay up to date with routine vaccinations, as infections can trigger flare-ups. Talk to your doctor before getting any live vaccine if you are on certain systemic treatments.

Program saringan

There is no routine screening for psoriasis. If you have a family history, be aware of early signs like scaly patches or joint pain and see your doctor if they appear.

Komplikasi

Jika tidak dirawat

• Psoriatic arthritis—pain, swelling, and joint damage.
• Increased risk of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes.
• Skin infections from scratching or cracks.
• Emotional distress, depression, and social isolation.

Pandangan jangka panjang

Psoriasis is a lifelong condition, but most people manage it well with treatment. Symptoms can come and go, and many people achieve clear or nearly clear skin. With the right care, you can live a full, active life.

Cari sokongan

Organisasi antarabangsa

• International Federation of Psoriasis Associations (IFPA) ↗
• National Psoriasis Foundation (US) ↗

Organisasi tempatan

• Psoriasis Association (UK) ↗ · United Kingdom

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