Acoustic neuroma awareness
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
An acoustic neuroma is a non-cancerous (benign) growth that forms on the nerve that connects your ear to your brain. It is also called a vestibular schwannoma. This growth is usually slow-growing and does not spread to other parts of the body.
Key facts
- Acoustic neuromas are not cancer and rarely become life-threatening.
- They typically affect only one ear and can cause hearing loss, ringing, or balance problems.
- Treatment options include monitoring, radiation, or surgery, depending on the size and symptoms.
Acoustic neuroma is a rare condition. It affects about 1 in every 50,000 to 100,000 people each year.
It most often occurs in adults between the ages of 30 and 60. It can affect people of any gender.
Symptoms
- Sudden, severe headache
- Sudden loss of hearing in one ear
- Sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of the face
- Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
- Sudden confusion or loss of consciousness
- ⚠New or worsening dizziness that makes it hard to stand or walk
- ⚠Persistent vomiting or severe nausea
- ⚠Sudden change in vision
- ⚠Any symptom that comes on suddenly and is concerning
Common symptoms
- Hearing loss in one ear that gets worse over time
- Ringing or buzzing in the affected ear (tinnitus)
- A feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear
- Dizziness or balance problems
- Numbness or tingling on one side of the face
Symptoms in children
- Acoustic neuroma is very rare in children. If it does occur, it may be linked to a genetic condition called neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Symptoms in children can include hearing loss, balance difficulties, and facial weakness.
Symptoms in older adults
- In older adults, the symptoms are similar but may be overlooked as age-related hearing loss. Balance problems may increase the risk of falls.
Causes
Main causes
- The exact cause of acoustic neuroma is not known. In most cases, it appears without a clear reason (sporadic).
- In a small number of cases, it is linked to a genetic condition called neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2).
Risk factors
- Having the genetic condition NF2 is the only known risk factor.
- There is no strong evidence linking it to noise exposure, cell phone use, or other environmental factors.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have sudden hearing loss in one ear
- If you have severe dizziness or balance problems that come on quickly
Book a routine appointment if:
- If you notice gradual hearing loss in one ear
- If you have persistent ringing in one ear that bothers you
- If you feel unsteady on your feet for more than a few days
Diagnosis
Your doctor will start by asking about your symptoms and performing a physical exam. They may check your hearing and balance. If an acoustic neuroma is suspected, you will be referred for imaging tests.
Tests that may be done
- Hearing test (audiometry) to measure how well you hear sounds in each ear
- Balance tests (such as electronystagmography) to check your inner ear function
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast dye – this is the best way to see an acoustic neuroma
What to expect at your appointment
The tests are painless. For an MRI, you lie still in a machine that takes pictures of your brain. It may take 30–60 minutes. You might receive a contrast dye through a small needle in your arm.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the size of the tumor, your symptoms, your age, and your overall health. The main options are monitoring (wait and watch), radiation therapy, or surgery. Your healthcare team will discuss what is best for you.
Self-care at home
- If you have balance problems, use handrails and take your time when walking.
- Consider using hearing aids or other assistive devices if hearing loss affects your daily life.
- Protect your hearing by avoiding loud noises.
- Talk to your doctor about exercises to improve balance.
Medical treatments
For small tumors that are not growing quickly, doctors may recommend regular MRI scans every 1–2 years to monitor it. For larger or growing tumors, treatment options include stereotactic radiosurgery (focused radiation) or surgical removal. Medications can help manage symptoms such as dizziness or nausea.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery may be recommended if the tumor is large, pressing on the brainstem, or causing severe symptoms that do not improve with other treatments.
Living with this condition
Living with an acoustic neuroma often involves managing hearing loss and balance issues. Many people adjust well over time. You may need to avoid activities that could cause falls, like climbing ladders. Regular check-ups with your healthcare team are important.
Lifestyle tips
- Use caution when moving around, especially in dim light.
- Inform family, friends, and coworkers about your condition so they can offer support.
- Consider using a hearing aid if hearing loss is significant.
- Join a support group to connect with others who have similar experiences.
Diet and exercise
A balanced diet and regular exercise can help maintain your overall health and improve balance. Gentle exercises like walking, tai chi, or yoga may be beneficial. Always check with your doctor before starting a new exercise program.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Coping with a diagnosis of a brain tumor, even a benign one, can be stressful. You may feel anxious, worried, or frustrated about hearing loss or balance issues. Talking to a counsellor or joining a support group can help. Remember, you are not alone.
Prevention
There is no known way to prevent acoustic neuroma. Since it is not linked to lifestyle factors, prevention is not possible. The best you can do is be aware of symptoms and seek medical advice early.
Screening programmes
There is no routine screening for acoustic neuroma in the general population. If you have a family history of NF2, your doctor may recommend genetic counselling and periodic hearing tests.
Complications
If left untreated
- Progressive hearing loss in the affected ear
- Persistent ringing or buzzing in the ear (tinnitus)
- Balance problems that may increase risk of falls
- Rarely, the tumor can grow large enough to press on the brainstem, causing headaches, facial numbness, or difficulty with coordination
Long-term outlook
For most people, acoustic neuroma is a slow-growing tumor that can be managed effectively. Even without treatment, many tumors stop growing or grow very slowly. With monitoring or treatment, the outlook is generally good. Many people live full lives with minimal symptoms.
Find support
International organisations
Local organisations
- Acoustic Neuroma Association ↗ · United States
- British Acoustic Neuroma Association ↗ · United Kingdom
- Brain Tumour Charity ↗ · United Kingdom
Helplines
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 9, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.