11863 Sarcoidosis
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Sarcoidosis is a condition where small patches of swollen tissue, called granulomas, form in different parts of the body. They most often appear in the lungs or lymph nodes, but can affect the skin, eyes, heart, and other organs. It is not cancer and it is not contagious.
Key facts
- Sarcoidosis can affect many parts of the body, often the lungs and lymph nodes.
- Many people with sarcoidosis feel no symptoms, and it sometimes goes away on its own.
- Treatment, when needed, helps control inflammation and prevent organ damage.
Sarcoidosis is relatively rare. In the UK, it affects roughly 1 in 10,000 people, though it may be underdiagnosed because mild cases often go unnoticed.
It most often appears in adults between 20 and 40 years old. It is slightly more common in women and in people of African descent. Family history can also increase the chance of developing it.
Symptoms
- Sudden, severe chest pain
- Severe trouble breathing that does not ease with rest
- Coughing up significant amounts of blood
- Sudden loss of vision
- ⚠Worsening shortness of breath over a few days
- ⚠New rash with fever
- ⚠Feeling your heart racing or skipping beats
- ⚠Eye pain with blurred vision
Common symptoms
- Feeling very tired
- Shortness of breath
- A dry, persistent cough
- Small red or purple bumps on the skin
- Redness or pain in the eyes
- Swollen lymph nodes (glands) in the neck, armpits, or groin
Symptoms in children
- Sarcoidosis is rare in children. When it occurs, symptoms may include fever, weight loss, joint pain, skin rashes, and eye inflammation.
Symptoms in older adults
- Older adults may notice more lung-related symptoms like breathlessness and cough. Some may also experience heart palpitations, confusion, or memory problems.
Causes
Main causes
- The exact cause of sarcoidosis is not known. It is thought to be an overreaction of the immune system to an unknown trigger, such as a bacterial or viral infection, or an environmental substance like dust or mould.
Risk factors
- Having a family member with sarcoidosis
- Being between the ages of 20 and 40
- Being female
- Being of African or Scandinavian descent
- Working in occupations that expose you to dust, fumes, or mould
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- Seek urgent care if you have sudden chest pain, severe breathlessness, or vision changes.
- Contact your doctor urgently if you have a new rash with fever or your heart feels irregular.
Book a routine appointment if:
- Make an appointment if you have a persistent cough, unexplained fatigue, skin bumps, or joint pain lasting more than a few weeks.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing sarcoidosis can take time. Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and examine you. Because other conditions can look similar, they may arrange several tests to rule those out.
Tests that may be done
- Chest X-ray to look for granulomas or swollen lymph nodes in the chest
- CT scan for a more detailed view of the lungs
- Blood tests to check organ function and look for markers of inflammation
- Breathing tests (lung function tests) to see how well your lungs work
- A biopsy (a small sample of tissue taken for examination) to confirm the diagnosis
What to expect at your appointment
The diagnostic process may take several months. You may be referred to a specialist, such as a lung or skin specialist, depending on which organs are involved.
Treatment
Not everyone with sarcoidosis needs treatment. If your symptoms are mild and organs are not at risk, your doctor may suggest watchful waiting. If symptoms are troublesome or there is a risk of organ damage, treatment can reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms.
Self-care at home
- Get plenty of rest and pace yourself during flare-ups
- Avoid smoking and protect yourself from second-hand smoke
- Limit exposure to dust, fumes, and other lung irritants
- Keep up with regular check-ups even if you feel well
Medical treatments
Treatment approaches may include anti-inflammatory medicines, medicines that calm the immune system, and in some cases, targeted therapies to control severe inflammation. The choice depends on how severe your symptoms are and which organs are affected. Your specialist will tailor the plan to you.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is rarely needed for sarcoidosis. In very unusual cases, surgery may be considered to treat complications such as heart problems or to remove a granuloma that is causing symptoms.
Living with this condition
Living with sarcoidosis often means listening to your body. Some days you may need extra rest, while other days you can be active. Keep a symptom diary to track changes and share it with your care team.
Lifestyle tips
- Quit smoking if you smoke — this is one of the most helpful things you can do for your lungs.
- Exercise regularly, but start gently and build up slowly.
- Protect your skin from the sun if you have skin bumps or eye symptoms.
- Stay hydrated and eat regular meals to help manage fatigue.
Diet and exercise
Aim for a balanced diet full of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Gentle exercise like walking, swimming, or yoga can improve energy and mood. Avoid overexertion, especially during flare-ups.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Dealing with a long-term condition can cause stress, anxiety, or low mood. It is normal to feel this way. Talk to your doctor about your feelings — they can suggest support and treatments that do not involve specific medications.
Prevention
There is no known way to prevent sarcoidosis. Because the cause is unknown, there are no specific steps to avoid getting it. Early diagnosis and regular medical care are the best ways to manage the condition and prevent complications.
Vaccines
Stay up to date with recommended vaccines, such as flu and pneumonia vaccines, to help protect your lungs from infections.
Screening programmes
Routine screening is not recommended for people without symptoms. However, if you have a family history and develop symptoms, see your doctor promptly.
Complications
If left untreated
- Lung scarring (pulmonary fibrosis), which can cause long-term breathlessness
- Permanent damage to other organs, such as the heart, eyes, or kidneys
- Vision loss if eye inflammation is not treated
- Heart rhythm problems or heart failure in rare cases
Long-term outlook
The outlook for sarcoidosis is often positive. Many people improve without treatment, and some recover completely. For those who need treatment, it usually works well to control symptoms and protect organ function. A small number of people may have long-term issues, but with good medical care most lead full, active lives.
Find support
International organisations
Local organisations
- SarcoidosisUK ↗ · United Kingdom
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 31, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.