16400 Acoustic Neuroma
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
An acoustic neuroma (also called a vestibular schwannoma) is a non-cancerous (benign) growth that forms on the nerve that connects the inner ear to the brain. This nerve is responsible for hearing and balance. Acoustic neuromas usually grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body.
Key facts
- Acoustic neuromas are benign, meaning they are not cancer.
- Most grow slowly, and some may not grow at all for years.
- They can cause hearing loss, ringing in the ear, and balance problems.
- Treatment options include monitoring, radiation therapy, and surgery.
- Many people with an acoustic neuroma live full, active lives.
Acoustic neuroma is rare, affecting about 1 in 100,000 people each year. However, it is the most common non-cancerous tumor of the inner ear region.
It is most often diagnosed in people between the ages of 30 and 60. It can affect anyone, but it is slightly more common in women. People with a rare inherited condition called neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) are at higher risk.
Symptoms
- Sudden weakness or drooping on one side of the face
- Sudden severe headache
- Difficulty speaking, swallowing, or understanding words
- Sudden loss of vision or double vision
- Sudden inability to stand or walk without help
- ⚠Sudden or rapid worsening of hearing loss in one ear
- ⚠Severe dizziness that does not go away
- ⚠New facial numbness or weakness
- ⚠Balance problems that make it hard to do everyday activities
Common symptoms
- Hearing loss in one ear that usually develops slowly
- Ringing or buzzing in one ear (called tinnitus)
- Balance problems or constant unsteadiness
- A feeling of fullness or pressure in the affected ear
- Numbness or tingling in the face (in later stages)
Causes
Main causes
- The exact cause is unknown. An acoustic neuroma develops from Schwann cells that wrap around the hearing and balance nerve to protect it.
- Most cases are sporadic, meaning they happen by chance with no known cause.
- A small number of cases run in families due to a genetic condition called neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2).
Risk factors
- Having the inherited condition neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)
- Previous exposure to high doses of radiation to the head or neck
- A family history of NF2
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- Sudden or rapid hearing loss in one ear
- Sudden severe dizziness or balance problems
- Facial numbness or weakness
Book a routine appointment if:
- Gradual hearing loss in one ear
- Persistent ringing in one ear
- Continuing balance problems or unsteadiness
Diagnosis
Your doctor will start by asking about your symptoms, your hearing, and your medical history. They will examine your ears and may do simple tests of your balance and facial nerve function. If an acoustic neuroma is suspected, you will be referred to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist for further tests.
Tests that may be done
- Hearing test (audiometry) to check for hearing loss and nerve function
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain with contrast – this is the best test to find an acoustic neuroma
- A CT scan may be used if MRI is not suitable
- Balance tests in some cases, to assess how the tumor is affecting your balance
What to expect at your appointment
You may need to see an ENT specialist or a neuro-otologist (a specialist in ear and nerve disorders). The tests are painless. After the tests, your doctor will explain the results and discuss what happens next. You will be given time to ask questions and make decisions.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the size and growth rate of the tumor, your symptoms, your age, and your overall health. The main options are: careful monitoring (watch and wait), radiation therapy, or surgery. For many people, no immediate treatment is needed.
Self-care at home
- Use a hearing aid or other assistive listening device if you have hearing loss
- Work with a physiotherapist for balance exercises (vestibular rehabilitation)
- Protect your remaining hearing by avoiding loud noises and using ear protection
- Take your time when standing up or changing positions to reduce dizziness
Medical treatments
Your doctor may recommend medications to manage specific symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, or ringing in the ear. These medicines do not treat the tumor itself but can help you feel more comfortable. Always discuss any medicine with your doctor or pharmacist.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery may be recommended if the tumor is large, growing quickly, or pressing on important parts of the brain. The goal is to remove the tumor while protecting your hearing and facial nerve, if possible. There are different surgical approaches, and your specialist will explain which one is safest for you.
Living with this condition
Living with an acoustic neuroma means learning to adapt to hearing loss, tinnitus, and possible balance issues. Many people manage very well with hearing aids, balance training, and regular follow-up. If you are on 'watch and wait', you will have regular MRI scans to monitor the tumor.
Lifestyle tips
- Keep your good ear protected in noisy environments
- Avoid sudden head movements that make dizziness worse
- Stay physically active within your comfort level
- Reduce stress with relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation
- Do not isolate yourself – talk to friends, family, or support groups
Diet and exercise
A balanced diet and regular, gentle exercise help keep your body strong and support your overall well-being. If balance is a problem, try exercises like walking, tai chi, or supervised physiotherapy. Always check with your doctor before starting a new exercise routine.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance problems can feel frustrating and exhausting. It is normal to feel anxious, sad, or worried after a diagnosis. Your mental health is just as important as your physical health. Speak openly with your doctor – they can offer support and counseling.
Prevention
In most cases, acoustic neuroma cannot be prevented because it is not caused by lifestyle, diet, or daily habits. Avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure to the head and neck may slightly reduce your risk. The most important thing is to see a doctor if you notice symptoms.
Complications
If left untreated
- If the tumor grows large, it can press against the brainstem and cause serious symptoms, such as facial weakness, double vision, trouble swallowing, or fluid buildup on the brain.
- Hearing loss in the affected ear is often permanent if the tumor is left untreated for many years.
- Rarely, a very large tumor can be life-threatening because it puts pressure on the brain.
Long-term outlook
The outlook for acoustic neuroma is very positive. Most tumors grow slowly or not at all, and many people never need surgery. With early detection and modern medical care, the risk of serious complications is low. Hearing loss may remain, but balance problems often improve, and you can live a long and active life.
Find support
International organisations
Local organisations
- British Acoustic Neuroma Association ↗ · United Kingdom
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 31, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.