16652 Drug Addiction Substance Use Disorder Sud
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Drug addiction is a medical condition where a person feels a strong, uncontrollable urge to use a substance, even when it causes harm. It is also called substance use disorder. It is a brain disorder, not a weakness or a character flaw.
Key facts
- It is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that can affect how your brain and body work.
- People with addiction may have trouble stopping the substance without help.
- Treatment can help people manage addiction and live healthy, productive lives.
Yes. Substance use disorders are common around the world. Many people face this condition, and medical professionals are trained to help.
Drug addiction can affect anyone — people of any age, background, or walk of life. However, some people are at higher risk due to family history, stressful events, or starting substance use at a young age.
Symptoms
- The person is not breathing or is breathing very slowly.
- The person is unconscious and cannot be woken up.
- The person is having a seizure.
- The person is severely agitated, confused, or a danger to themselves or others.
- ⚠Severe withdrawal symptoms such as sweating, shaking, or a rapid heart rate.
- ⚠Signs of a severe allergic reaction, like trouble breathing or a swollen face.
- ⚠A mental health crisis, such as feeling hopeless or making threats.
Common symptoms
- Needing to use the drug more often or in larger amounts to feel the same effect.
- Spending a lot of time getting, using, or recovering from the drug.
- Wanting to stop but not being able to.
- Neglecting responsibilities at work, school, or home.
- Having strong cravings when you try to quit.
- Continuing to use the drug even when it causes problems in relationships or health.
Symptoms in children
- A sudden change in mood or behavior, such as anger or anxiety.
- Changing friends and starting to avoid old friends.
- Losing interest in hobbies or school activities.
- Becoming secretive or asking for money without a clear reason.
Symptoms in older adults
- Feeling confused, forgetful, or falling more often.
- Feeling tired or depressed without an obvious reason.
- Taking too much of a prescribed medication or mixing it with alcohol.
Causes
Main causes
- Addiction is caused by changes in the brain's reward system, making it very hard to resist the drug.
- Genetics can play a role — a family history of addiction can make someone more vulnerable.
- Repeated drug use can change how the brain works, so the person feels they need the drug to feel normal.
Risk factors
- Peer pressure or living where drug use is common.
- Starting to use drugs during the teenage years.
- Experiencing trauma, stress, or mental health problems like depression or anxiety.
- Having a family history of addiction.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- Call your local emergency number if someone collapses, has a seizure, or stops breathing.
Book a routine appointment if:
- Make an appointment with your GP (general practitioner) if you or a loved one are using drugs and want to reduce or stop.
Diagnosis
Doctors diagnose substance use disorder by asking about your drug use, how it affects your life, and any symptoms you have. They may also do a physical exam and use certain questionnaires to understand your situation better.
Tests that may be done
- Blood or urine tests to check for substances and their effects on the body.
- Tests to look for other health problems caused by drug use, such as liver or heart issues.
- A mental health assessment to check for depression, anxiety, or other concerns.
What to expect at your appointment
The doctor will talk with you in a confidential and non-judgmental way. They may ask about your habits, mood, and family history. You can ask questions and be open about your concerns.
Treatment
Treatment for addiction looks different for each person. It usually includes behavioral therapy (talking with a trained counselor), support groups, and sometimes medication. The goal is to help you stop using the drug, reduce cravings, and prevent relapse. In some cases, you may need a structured program in a hospital or clinic. You can recover, and many people do.
Self-care at home
- Avoid places and people that remind you of using the drug.
- Create a daily routine that gives you structure and purpose.
- Reach out to a trusted friend, family member, or support group when you feel a craving.
- Keep a journal of your triggers and how you handle them.
Medical treatments
Medical treatment may include medications that help manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings. These are prescribed and monitored by a doctor. Your care team may also use counseling and therapy to help you build healthy coping skills. In more severe cases, you might be referred to a detoxification program (a safe, medically supervised process for stopping a drug) or a residential rehabilitation program. Always talk to your doctor about what treatments are available and right for you.
Living with this condition
Living with addiction takes time and patience. Taking it one day at a time can help. You may have setbacks, but that does not mean you have failed. Keep going back to your care plan and your support network. Celebrate small wins, like going a day without using.
Lifestyle tips
- Stick to a regular sleep and meal schedule.
- Avoid alcohol and other drugs unless they are given by your doctor.
- Stay physically active — a short walk can improve your mood.
Diet and exercise
Eating regular meals with a good balance of vegetables, grains, and protein can support your recovery. Exercise helps release natural brain chemicals that improve your mood and reduce stress. Even light activity like walking can make a difference.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Addiction often goes hand-in-hand with mental health problems like depression, anxiety, or low self-esteem. You may feel shame or guilt. It is important to treat these feelings as part of your recovery. Talking to a therapist or a support group can help. If you feel overwhelmed, or have thoughts of harming yourself, call your local emergency number right away.
Prevention
Substance use disorder is not always preventable, especially when genetics are involved. But you can reduce the risk by learning about the dangers of drugs, avoiding early drug use, managing stress in healthy ways, and seeking help for mental health problems early. For young people, having positive activities and supportive adults can be protective.
Complications
If left untreated
- Overdose, which can be fatal.
- Heart problems, liver damage, or breathing difficulties.
- Increased risk of infections from shared needles.
- Loss of job, relationships, and financial stability.
- Legal problems related to drug use.
Long-term outlook
Recovery is real and possible. Many people have overcome substance use disorder and rebuilt their health, families, and careers. With the right treatment, support, and time, you can find a stable and fulfilling life. Begin by reaching out to a healthcare professional.
Find support
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 31, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.