Acne in children

Overview

Acne is a common skin condition that causes spots, usually on the face, back, and chest. It happens when hair follicles (the tiny holes in your skin) get clogged with oil and dead skin cells.

Yes, acne is very common in children and teenagers. Almost every child will get at least a few spots during their teenage years.

Acne most often affects children aged 12 to 18, but it can start earlier, around age 8 or 9, especially in girls.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Whiteheads (closed clogged pores)
• Blackheads (open clogged pores that look dark)
• Red, tender bumps (papules)
• Pimples with pus (pustules)
• Large, solid, painful lumps under the skin (cysts or nodules)

Symptoms in children

• Mild spots on the forehead, nose, and chin
• Spots that may come and go with hormone changes
• Sometimes only a few pimples at a time

Symptoms in older adults

• Acne is less common in adults over 25, but can occur.
• In adults, spots often appear along the jawline and chin.
• Adult acne may be more stubborn and need different treatment.

Causes

Main causes

• Hormones that increase during puberty, causing more oil production
• Clogged hair follicles due to oil and dead skin cells
• Bacteria on the skin that can cause inflammation

Risk factors

• Family history of acne (if parents had it, children are more likely)
• Hormonal changes around puberty or menstrual periods
• Use of some oily or greasy skin products
• Stress can make acne worse.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If the acne is very painful or includes large, deep cysts
• If there are signs of infection (increased redness, warmth, or pus)

Book a routine appointment if:

• If over-the-counter treatments haven't helped after 6 to 8 weeks
• If acne is causing emotional distress or affecting school or friendships
• If you notice scarring from spots

Diagnosis

A doctor can usually diagnose acne just by looking at your child's skin. They will ask about when the spots started, what treatments you have tried, and any family history.

Tests that may be done

• No specific tests are needed for most acne.
• If the doctor suspects a hormone problem, they might order a blood test.

What to expect at your appointment

The doctor will examine the skin, explain the type and severity of acne, and recommend a treatment plan. They may suggest starting with simple skincare and a topical (put on the skin) treatment.

Treatment

Treatment for childhood acne aims to clear spots, prevent new ones, and reduce the risk of scarring. It usually starts with gentle care and over-the-counter products. If that doesn't work, a doctor can prescribe stronger treatments.

Self-care at home

• Wash the face gently once or twice a day with a mild, non-soap cleanser.
• Avoid scrubbing hard or using harsh face washes.
• Do not pick or squeeze spots – this can make them worse and cause scars.
• Use non-comedogenic (won't clog pores) moisturisers and makeup.
• Keep hair clean and off the face.

Medical treatments

If self-care isn't enough, a doctor may recommend prescription creams, gels, or lotions that reduce oil, fight bacteria, or unclog pores. For more severe acne, oral medications (taken by mouth) can be prescribed. These treatments work by targeting the causes of acne – excess oil, clogged pores, bacteria, and inflammation. Your doctor will choose the safest option for your child's age and acne type.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is not used for acne treatment. However, a dermatologist may drain large, painful cysts in the clinic if needed.

Living with this condition

Living with acne can feel frustrating, but most children manage well with a consistent skincare routine and support from family. Remind your child that acne is very common and usually temporary.

Lifestyle tips

• Establish a simple daily washing and moisturising routine.
• Encourage a healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables.
• Help your child avoid touching or picking spots.
• Change pillowcases and towels regularly.

Diet and exercise

There is no strong evidence that any specific food causes acne. However, a balanced diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins supports overall skin health. Regular exercise is good for stress management and circulation, but shower soon after sweating to keep skin clean.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Acne can affect self-esteem and confidence, especially in children and teenagers. It can cause worry, sadness, or social withdrawal. It is important to talk openly about these feelings. If your child seems very upset, consider speaking to a school counsellor or doctor. If thoughts of self-harm occur, seek crisis support immediately.

Prevention

You cannot fully prevent acne because it is linked to hormones and genetics. But you may reduce its severity by using gentle skin products and avoiding picking spots.

Complications

If left untreated

• Permanent scars on the face or body
• Dark or light spots that remain after spots heal (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation)
• Emotional distress, low self-esteem, or depression

Long-term outlook

The outlook for childhood acne is very good. Most cases improve with age and the right treatment. Even severe acne can be effectively managed with care from a doctor, and scarring can be minimized. With support, nearly all children move past acne with healthy, clear skin.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.