Acupuncture

Overview

Acupuncture is a treatment that comes from traditional Chinese medicine. It involves placing very thin, sterile needles into specific points on the body. The aim is to balance the flow of energy (called 'qi') and encourage the body to heal itself. Many people use it to help manage pain and other health problems.

Yes. Acupuncture is used widely around the world. In many countries, including the UK, it is often available through the NHS for certain types of long-term pain.

People of all ages may try acupuncture. It is often used by adults with chronic (long-term) pain such as back or knee pain, and by some people with headaches or joint problems.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Chronic back or neck pain
• Joint pain from arthritis
• Headaches and migraines
• Stress and anxiety
• Nausea (for example after surgery or chemotherapy)

Symptoms in children

• Acupuncture is sometimes used to help children with nausea or certain types of pain, but only under specialist care.

Symptoms in older adults

• Older adults often use acupuncture for joint pain, back pain, or to help with sleep.

Causes

Main causes

• People often try acupuncture to help with long-term pain conditions such as back pain, neck pain, or knee pain.
• It is also used to help with tension, migraine, or stress-related symptoms.

Risk factors

• You may have a higher risk of side effects if you have a bleeding disorder, take medicines that thin the blood, have a pacemaker, or are pregnant (some acupuncture points may be unsafe). Always discuss these with your practitioner and doctor.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have sharp chest pain, shortness of breath, or a feeling that something is seriously wrong after treatment.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you are thinking about trying acupuncture for a health problem, talk to your GP (family doctor) first, especially if you have another medical condition or take regular medicines.

Diagnosis

Acupuncture is not something you are diagnosed with. Instead, a qualified practitioner assesses your symptoms and general health to decide whether acupuncture is suitable for you. They will ask about your medical history and examine you.

Tests that may be done

• You do not usually need any tests before acupuncture.
• Sometimes, your doctor may run tests to diagnose the underlying condition that is causing your symptoms.

What to expect at your appointment

Your first session starts with a conversation about your health. The practitioner will then insert a small number of fine needles and leave them in place for about 20 to 30 minutes. You may feel a mild tingling or dull ache, which is normal.

Treatment

Acupuncture is a treatment in itself, and it is often used alongside other treatments. A course of acupuncture usually involves several sessions. The number of sessions depends on your condition and how well you respond.

Self-care at home

• Rest after a session and avoid vigorous activity for the rest of the day.
• Keep the needle sites clean and dry for a few hours.
• Drink plenty of water to help your body recover.
• Notice how you feel over the following days and tell your practitioner about any changes.

Medical treatments

Acupuncture is often offered as part of a wider treatment plan. For example, for long-term pain, it may be used together with exercise, physiotherapy, and other non-drug approaches. Always tell your doctor about any complementary treatments you are having, so they can coordinate your care.

Living with this condition

If you are having acupuncture, you can usually go about your normal day after a session. Some people feel relaxed, while others have more energy. It is important to keep up with any other treatments or exercises recommended by your healthcare team.

Lifestyle tips

• Try gentle movement such as walking or stretching.
• Manage stress with breathing exercises or mindfulness.
• Make time for rest and sleep.
• Stay active within your limits.

Diet and exercise

There is no special diet for acupuncture. Eating a balanced diet and staying active can support your overall health and help any condition you are seeking treatment for.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Living with pain or illness can affect your mental health. Acupuncture may help some people feel calmer and less stressed, but it is not a substitute for talking therapies or other mental health support. If you are struggling emotionally, speak to your doctor.

Prevention

Acupuncture cannot prevent common conditions like back pain, but it may be used as part of a plan to manage symptoms before they become worse. It is not a replacement for vaccines or routine medical care.

Complications

If left untreated

• The main risk is not from acupuncture itself, but from treating a serious condition only with acupuncture and delaying standard medical care.
• If you have unexplained or worsening symptoms, seek medical advice.

Long-term outlook

For many people, acupuncture can provide meaningful pain relief and improve quality of life. Results vary, and it works best when combined with advice from your healthcare team.

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