Alcohol use disorder
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a medical condition where a person has a pattern of drinking alcohol that leads to significant problems or distress. It is sometimes called alcoholism. People with AUD may find it hard to control how much they drink, continue drinking even when it causes harm, or feel a strong need (craving) to drink. AUD is a chronic (long-lasting) condition, but it can be managed with the right treatment and support.
Key facts
- Alcohol use disorder is a treatable medical condition, not a moral failing.
- It affects both men and women of all ages and backgrounds.
- Treatment often includes counselling, support groups, and sometimes medication.
- Many people with AUD achieve long-term recovery with the right help.
Yes, alcohol use disorder is common around the world. In the UK, it affects millions of people. Many do not seek help due to stigma or not recognizing the signs, but it is a well-understood health condition that can be treated.
Alcohol use disorder can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background. However, it is more common in people who start drinking at an early age, have a family history of alcohol problems, or have other mental health conditions like depression or anxiety.
Symptoms
- Severe confusion, agitation, or seeing things that aren't there (hallucinations)
- Seizures (fits)
- Rapid heart rate, heavy sweating, or high fever after stopping drinking (signs of delirium tremens)
- Vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools
- Loss of consciousness or inability to wake up
- Thoughts of harming yourself or others
- ⚠Withdrawal symptoms that are getting worse or not improving with at-home care
- ⚠Persistent vomiting or severe abdominal pain
- ⚠Feeling very depressed or anxious about drinking habits
- ⚠Concerns from family or friends about your drinking that worry you
Common symptoms
- A strong craving or urge to drink alcohol
- Being unable to limit how much you drink once you start
- Spending a lot of time drinking or recovering from drinking
- Needing to drink more to get the same effect (tolerance)
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms (like sweating, shaking, nausea) when you stop drinking
- Continuing to drink even though it causes problems at work, home, or in relationships
- Giving up or reducing important activities because of drinking
Symptoms in children
- Although alcohol use disorder is rare in young children, some adolescents may show signs such as declining school performance, mood swings, withdrawal from family activities, or secretive drinking.
Symptoms in older adults
- Older adults with alcohol use disorder may experience more falls, confusion, memory problems, or worsening of chronic health conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes. They may also be more sensitive to the effects of alcohol.
Causes
Main causes
- No single cause exists. Alcohol use disorder develops from a mix of genetic, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Some people may have a biological vulnerability that makes them more likely to develop problems with alcohol.
- Repeated heavy drinking changes the brain's chemistry, making it harder to stop even when you want to.
Risk factors
- Having a parent or close relative with alcohol use disorder
- Starting to drink at an early age (before age 15)
- Having a mental health condition like depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- Experiencing trauma or chronic stress
- Peer pressure or living in a culture where heavy drinking is normal
- Heavy or frequent drinking over time
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you experience severe withdrawal symptoms like confusion, seizures, or hallucinations, call your local emergency number immediately.
- If you have thoughts of harming yourself or others, get help right away.
Book a routine appointment if:
- If your drinking is affecting your health, relationships, or work.
- If you feel you cannot control your drinking or want to cut down but are unable to
- If you have tried to stop drinking and experienced withdrawal symptoms
- If family or friends have expressed concern about your drinking
Diagnosis
A doctor or healthcare professional will ask about your drinking habits, your health, and how alcohol is affecting your life. They may also use a questionnaire to screen for alcohol use disorder. This is a private and confidential conversation.
Tests that may be done
- Questionnaires, such as the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test)
- Blood tests to check for signs of liver damage or other health problems related to drinking
- A physical exam to look for signs like high blood pressure or an enlarged liver
What to expect at your appointment
The diagnosis process is supportive and focused on understanding your situation. Your doctor will work with you to create a plan that fits your needs. There is no shame in seeking help.
Treatment
Treatment for alcohol use disorder is highly effective and can be tailored to each person. It often involves a combination of approaches: medically supervised detox (withdrawal), counselling or therapy, and support groups. Some people also benefit from medications that help reduce cravings or prevent relapse. Treatment aims to help you regain control of your life and improve your overall health.
Self-care at home
- Set a clear goal: decide if you want to cut down or stop drinking completely.
- Avoid triggers: stay away from people, places, or situations that make you want to drink.
- Build a support network: talk to friends, family, or join a local support group.
- Learn relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation to manage stress.
- Keep a diary of your drinking to notice patterns and progress.
Medical treatments
Medical treatment may include a short hospital stay to manage withdrawal safely (detox). After that, your doctor may offer medicines that can help reduce cravings or make drinking less enjoyable. These are always given under medical supervision. Therapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or motivational interviewing, can help you change your thoughts and behaviours around alcohol. Many people also find support groups helpful.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is not a treatment for alcohol use disorder itself. However, if alcohol has caused serious liver damage (such as cirrhosis), a liver transplant may be considered in some cases. This is only an option for a small number of people who meet strict criteria and have stopped drinking.
Living with this condition
Living with alcohol use disorder means finding new habits and routines that do not involve alcohol. It takes time and patience. Focus on building a healthy lifestyle, reconnecting with hobbies, and spending time with people who support your recovery. Celebrate small wins — every day without alcohol is an achievement.
Lifestyle tips
- Avoid situations where alcohol is the main focus.
- Find non-alcoholic drinks you enjoy (like sparkling water or herbal tea).
- Exercise regularly — it can boost your mood and reduce cravings.
- Get enough sleep and manage stress with relaxation techniques.
- Keep a regular daily routine to provide structure.
Diet and exercise
A balanced diet can help your body heal from the effects of alcohol. Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Stay hydrated. Regular physical activity, like walking or swimming, can improve your mood and reduce the urge to drink.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Alcohol use disorder often goes hand in hand with mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. It is important to address both. Therapy, support groups, and sometimes medication can help. If you feel overwhelmed, talk to a healthcare provider or call a crisis helpline.
Prevention
While alcohol use disorder cannot always be prevented, you can reduce your risk by drinking in moderation (if you choose to drink) or not drinking at all. For people with a family history of alcohol problems, avoiding alcohol may be wise. Learning healthy ways to cope with stress and peer pressure also helps.
Vaccines
There is no vaccine for alcohol use disorder.
Screening programmes
Healthcare providers sometimes screen for risky drinking during routine check-ups. Answering honestly about your drinking can help catch problems early. If you are concerned, you can ask your doctor for a screening.
Complications
If left untreated
- Liver disease (such as fatty liver, hepatitis, or cirrhosis)
- Heart problems (including high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, or stroke)
- Brain damage that can cause memory loss, confusion, or permanent cognitive decline
- Weakened immune system, leading to more infections
- Increased risk of certain cancers (mouth, throat, liver, breast)
- Serious withdrawal symptoms including seizures or delirium tremens
- Problems with relationships, work, finances, and mental health
Long-term outlook
Recovery is possible for many people with alcohol use disorder. With the right treatment and support, you can regain your health, rebuild your relationships, and live a fulfilling life. The journey may have ups and downs, but every step towards change is a step in the right direction. Most people who seek help improve significantly.
Find support
International organisations
- Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
- SMART Recovery
Local organisations
- NHS Alcohol Support Services · United Kingdom
- Samaritans · United Kingdom and Ireland
Helplines
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 27, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.