Alternatives

Overview

Alternatives, also called complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), are treatments and practices that are not part of standard medical care. They include things like herbal remedies, acupuncture, chiropractic care, yoga, and mindfulness meditation. Some people use these alongside regular treatments, while others try them instead of standard care.

Yes, many people try some form of alternative treatment during their lives. Surveys suggest that about 1 in 3 people have used a complementary or alternative therapy.

People of all ages and backgrounds use alternatives, but they are especially common among those with long-term conditions like chronic pain, anxiety, or arthritis. People may also seek alternatives when standard care has not worked for them.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Pain that has not improved with standard treatments
• Stress, anxiety, or trouble sleeping
• Digestive issues like bloating or indigestion
• Fatigue or low energy
• Joint or muscle stiffness

Symptoms in children

• Repeated ear infections or colds
• Colic or fussiness in babies
• Skin problems like eczema
• Behavioural or attention difficulties

Symptoms in older adults

• Arthritis pain and stiffness
• Memory concerns or confusion
• Trouble sleeping
• Feeling low or withdrawn
• Side effects from many regular medicines

Causes

Main causes

• People choose alternatives for many reasons. They may be looking for more natural ways to feel better, want more control over their health, or feel that standard care has not helped enough.
• Some are following cultural traditions or family practices.
• Others are attracted by promises of quick or complete cures.

Risk factors

• Using an alternative treatment instead of a proven, life-saving treatment
• Combining herbal remedies with prescription medicines without telling your doctor
• Seeing a practitioner who is not properly qualified
• Spending a lot of money on products sold without evidence

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• Any severe or sudden symptom, such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, or paralysis, needs emergency care right away. Do not delay standard treatment while trying an alternative.

Book a routine appointment if:

• Talk to your doctor before starting any alternative treatment, especially if you have a medical condition, take regular medicines, are pregnant, or plan to use an alternative on a child.
• Also talk to your doctor if you are considering using an alternative instead of a treatment already prescribed for you.

Diagnosis

Because alternatives are not a single condition, there is no one test. Instead, your doctor will ask about your health, your symptoms, any treatments you are using (including herbs and supplements), and what your goals are. This is called a comprehensive health review.

Tests that may be done

• Blood tests to check for underlying health problems
• Imaging scans, such as X-rays, if there is pain or injury
• Blood pressure and heart rate checks
• A review of your current medicines, including supplements

What to expect at your appointment

Your doctor may listen carefully and then give you a balanced view of what is known about an alternative treatment — including benefits, risks, and whether it is safe with your current medicines. You can then make a shared decision about what to try.

Treatment

The treatment for most health concerns is based on evidence — what research shows works. Alternatives can sometimes be used alongside standard care, but they should not replace treatments that are known to save lives. Your healthcare team can help you decide what is right for you.

Self-care at home

• Keeping a diary of your symptoms to share with your doctor
• Getting enough sleep and gentle exercise
• Managing stress with mindfulness, breathing exercises, or talking to someone you trust
• Eating a balanced diet and staying well hydrated
• Asking your pharmacist about possible interactions between supplements and medicines

Medical treatments

Medical treatments may include standard therapies such as pain relief, physiotherapy, counselling, or other approaches your doctor recommends. If an alternative therapy is supported by good evidence, your doctor may agree it is safe to use alongside these. Never stop prescribed medicine without speaking to your doctor first.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is usually only considered when conservative or non-invasive treatments have not helped. If surgery is suggested, your doctor will explain the reason, risks, and alternatives. You should feel free to ask for a second opinion.

Living with this condition

Living with a health condition can be stressful. If you are exploring alternatives, give yourself time to research and discuss them with your care team. Keep a list of everything you take or try so you can review it together.

Lifestyle tips

• Stay physically active in a way that suits you
• Prioritise sleep and rest
• Stay connected with family and friends
• Try relaxation skills like slow breathing or meditation
• Limit alcohol and avoid tobacco

Diet and exercise

Eating a balanced diet and moving your body regularly support overall health. There is no one special diet that works for everyone. If you are thinking about a restrictive diet or a supplement, talk to your doctor or a qualified dietitian first.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Living with symptoms or a long-term condition can take an emotional toll. It is normal to feel anxious, frustrated, or low. Talking to your doctor or a mental health professional can help. If you are in crisis, please reach out for immediate support.

Prevention

There is no sure way to prevent every illness. But some alternative practices, like staying active, eating well, and managing stress, may help reduce your risk of certain health problems. Proving these effects takes good research, so stay open but cautious.

Vaccines

Vaccines are a safe and effective way to prevent many serious infections. They are part of standard care. If you are considering an alternative, remember that skipping vaccines can leave you or your family unprotected. Talk to your doctor about any concerns.

Screening programmes

Screening tests, like blood pressure checks or cancer screenings, can find problems early when they are easier to treat. If you are offered a screening test, consider it carefully. Discuss the benefits and risks with a qualified professional.

Complications

If left untreated

• Serious conditions may worsen if standard treatment is delayed or replaced by an unproven alternative
• Herbal remedies and supplements can interact with prescription medicines, causing dangerous side effects
• Some alternative products may be contaminated with harmful ingredients
• Relying on a single alternative treatment may mean missing out on other useful therapies

Long-term outlook

Most people who explore alternatives can find safe and helpful ways to support their health. The key is to stay informed, ask questions, and work with your healthcare team. With good communication and the right combination of approaches, you can feel confident in your choices.

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