Athletes foot
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Athlete’s foot is a common fungal infection of the skin on the feet. It usually starts between the toes and can cause itching, scaling, and redness. The fungus that causes it likes warm, damp places.
Key facts
- It is caused by a fungus called dermatophyte, which thrives in warm, moist environments like sweaty shoes and locker room floors.
- Athlete’s foot is contagious and can spread through direct contact or contaminated surfaces such as towels, socks, and shower floors.
- Most cases clear up with over-the-counter antifungal treatments and good foot hygiene.
Yes, athlete’s foot is very common worldwide. It affects millions of people each year and is one of the most frequent fungal skin infections.
Anyone can get athlete’s foot, but it is more common in adults, especially those who use communal showers, swimming pools, or wear tight, non-breathable shoes for long periods. It also affects people with sweaty feet more often.
Symptoms
- Signs of a spreading bacterial infection: red streaks extending up the leg, sudden swelling, or severe pain.
- High fever (above 38°C / 100.4°F) along with foot symptoms.
- Foul-smelling drainage or pus from the foot.
- ⚠Severe foot pain that makes it hard to walk or stand.
- ⚠Open sores or blisters that are very large or painful.
- ⚠Infection that does not improve after using over-the-counter treatments for two weeks.
Common symptoms
- Itching, stinging, or burning between the toes or on the soles of the feet
- Flaky, dry, or cracked skin (often starting between the fourth and fifth toes)
- Redness and scaling
- Blisters that may ooze or crust over
Symptoms in children
- Children can get athlete’s foot, though it is less common. Symptoms are similar – itching and peeling between the toes – but the rash may spread more quickly because children’s skin is thinner.
- Children may also complain of a general foot rash or discomfort when walking.
Symptoms in older adults
- Older adults may experience more severe scaling and cracking because skin becomes thinner and drier with age.
- If they have conditions like diabetes or poor circulation, the infection can be harder to treat and more likely to lead to complications like cellulitis.
Causes
Main causes
- A group of fungi called dermatophytes, which invade the outer layer of skin.
- These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments like sweaty shoes, locker rooms, and public showers.
Risk factors
- Walking barefoot in public places such as gym showers, swimming pools, and locker rooms.
- Wearing tight, non-breathable shoes or damp socks for long periods.
- Having sweaty feet (hyperhidrosis).
- Sharing towels, socks, or shoes with someone who has athlete’s foot.
- Having a weakened immune system or certain health conditions like diabetes.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have signs of a secondary bacterial infection, such as red streaks, fever, or worsening pain.
Book a routine appointment if:
- If over-the-counter antifungal treatments have not helped after two weeks.
- If the rash is spreading or very uncomfortable.
- If you have diabetes or a weakened immune system and develop any foot infection.
Diagnosis
A healthcare provider can often diagnose athlete’s foot just by looking at your feet. They will ask about your symptoms, activity, and any exposure to communal showers or infected people.
Tests that may be done
- Sometimes a skin scraping is taken – a small sample of skin flakes is gently scraped from the affected area and examined under a microscope or sent to a lab to confirm the fungus.
What to expect at your appointment
The exam is quick and painless. If a scraping is needed, it may feel like a light scratch. Results usually come back within a few days, but treatment often starts before the results arrive based on the appearance of the rash.
Treatment
Treatment depends on how severe the infection is. Most mild cases can be treated at home with over-the-counter antifungal creams, sprays, or powders. More stubborn infections may need prescription medicine.
Self-care at home
- Keep your feet clean and dry – wash them daily and dry thoroughly, especially between the toes.
- Change socks and shoes often. Choose breathable materials like cotton or wool, and avoid wearing the same shoes two days in a row.
- Use an antifungal powder or spray in your shoes to kill any remaining fungus.
- Do not share towels, socks, or shoes with others to prevent spreading the infection.
Medical treatments
If over-the-counter products do not work, a doctor may prescribe a stronger antifungal cream, lotion, or oral medication. These are taken exactly as directed. Always finish the full course even if symptoms go away.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is not used for athlete’s foot.
Living with this condition
Athlete’s foot is easy to live with once you know how to manage it. Stick to a daily foot care routine: wash, dry thoroughly, and apply treatment as directed. Keep shoes and socks clean and dry.
Lifestyle tips
- Wear flip-flops or sandals in public showers and locker rooms.
- Avoid tight shoes and choose breathable materials.
- Change socks at least once a day – more often if your feet sweat a lot.
- Wash towels and bedding in hot water to kill any fungus.
Diet and exercise
A healthy diet and regular exercise do not directly treat athlete’s foot, but they help keep your immune system strong. Being active is fine – just make sure to dry your feet well after exercise and change out of sweaty socks and shoes quickly.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Athlete’s foot can be frustrating and embarrassing for some people, but it is very common and nothing to be ashamed of. The itching can be annoying, but treatment usually works well. If you feel worried or stressed, talk to your pharmacist or doctor.
Prevention
Yes, there are simple steps you can take to greatly reduce your risk of getting athlete’s foot.
Vaccines
No vaccine is available for athlete’s foot.
Screening programmes
Routine screening is not needed. However, if you often get athlete’s foot or have a weakened immune system, your doctor may suggest regular checks.
Complications
If left untreated
- The infection may spread to other parts of the foot, causing widespread scaling and cracking.
- It can spread to the toenails (fungal nail infection), which is harder to treat.
- Cracked skin can let bacteria enter, leading to cellulitis – a potentially serious skin infection.
Long-term outlook
For most people, athlete’s foot is easily treatable and goes away within a few weeks with proper care. Even if it comes back, you can manage it with good habits. Rarely, it may become chronic, but treatments are available. With the right approach, you can keep your feet healthy and comfortable.
Find support
Local organisations
- Your local pharmacy · UK
- NHS website ↗ · UK
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 9, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.