Cannabis Marijuana

Overview

Cannabis, also called marijuana, weed, or pot, is a plant that people smoke, vape, or eat for its mind-altering effects. The main active chemical is THC. It can make people feel relaxed or euphoric, but it can also cause anxiety, memory problems, and other health issues, especially with heavy or regular use.

Cannabis is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Many people have tried it at least once, and some use it regularly.

People of all ages use cannabis, but it is most common among teens and young adults. It can affect anyone, though some people are more likely to develop problems with it, especially those who start young, use it daily, or have a family history of substance use issues.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Feeling relaxed, happy, or talkative
• Altered senses, such as colours seeming brighter or time moving slowly
• Increased appetite, often called 'the munchies'
• Dry mouth and red eyes
• Racing heart or mild dizziness
• Difficulty concentrating or remembering things in the moment
• Anxiety, paranoia, or confusion, especially with stronger strains or edibles

Symptoms in children

• Confusion, sleepiness, or unsteady walking
• Nausea or vomiting from accidental ingestion of edibles
• Frightening feelings of panic or paranoia
• Trouble at school, loss of interest in hobbies, or withdrawing from family
• Mood changes, irritability, or secretive behaviour

Symptoms in older adults

• Dizziness and an increased risk of falls
• Memory problems or confusion that may look like dementia
• Interactions with existing health conditions or medicines
• Reduced energy or motivation

Causes

Main causes

• People use cannabis for many reasons, such as to relax, to have fun, or to fit in socially
• Some use it to try to cope with stress, anxiety, depression, pain, or trouble sleeping
• Regular use can lead to dependence, where the brain gets used to it and you feel you need it to feel normal

Risk factors

• Starting cannabis use in teenage years
• Using it daily or in large amounts
• Having a family history of addiction or substance use problems
• Having a mental health condition such as depression, anxiety, or psychosis
• Using cannabis to escape stress or trauma
• Living in an environment where cannabis use is common and accepted

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• You have taken cannabis and feel severely unwell, with breathing problems, chest pain, seizures, or uncontrollable vomiting
• You are having very severe anxiety, panic attacks, or hallucinations
• You are having thoughts of harming yourself or others — call your local emergency number now

Book a routine appointment if:

• You want to cut down or stop but find it difficult
• You or your family are worried about how much or how often you use cannabis
• Cannabis is affecting your memory, mood, work, studies, or relationships
• You smoke or vape cannabis and have a persistent cough, chest infections, or breathlessness
• You are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or breastfeeding and using cannabis

Diagnosis

A doctor, nurse, or drug service worker will ask about how often you use cannabis, how it affects you, and whether it is causing problems at home, work, or school. They will also ask about your mental and physical health. There is no judgement — the goal is to understand your situation and offer support.

Tests that may be done

• There is no single test needed to diagnose cannabis problems
• Doctors mainly rely on a detailed conversation with you
• In some situations, such as certain jobs or specialist programs, a urine or saliva test can show recent cannabis use
• If you have coughing or breathing symptoms, a doctor may check your lungs with a stethoscope or breathing tests

What to expect at your appointment

During the appointment, expect to be asked some personal questions about your cannabis use and general health. The visit is confidential and should feel supportive, not critical. Together, you and the clinician can talk about whether your use is a problem and explore realistic next steps.

Treatment

Treatment for cannabis problems focuses on helping you reduce or stop your use, manage cravings, and deal with any underlying issues such as anxiety or poor sleep. It usually involves talking therapies and practical support rather than medication.

Self-care at home

• Set a clear, realistic goal, such as cutting down slowly or having several cannabis-free days each week
• Put your cannabis somewhere less convenient so it's not the first thing you see
• Avoid situations, people, or routines that make you reach for cannabis
• Keep a simple diary of when and why you use it to spot patterns
• Keep busy with activities that absorb your attention, like exercise, cooking, or hobbies
• Try slow breathing or other calming techniques instead of using cannabis when stressed

Medical treatments

There are no medicines specifically approved to treat cannabis dependence. Treatment usually involves talking therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, and counselling, which help you build motivation and coping skills. If you have related problems like depression, anxiety, or poor sleep, a doctor may discuss general treatment options for those and can refer you to specialist drug services for extra support.

Living with this condition

If you continue to use cannabis, make safer choices: use it in a comfortable, safe setting, start with small amounts, avoid driving or operating machinery while under the influence, and do not mix it with alcohol or other drugs. If you are cutting down or stopping, take it one day at a time and remind yourself that cravings usually pass.

Lifestyle tips

• Build a regular sleep schedule to help with tiredness and mood
• Keep doing activities you enjoy that do not involve cannabis
• Tell at least one person you trust about your goals so they can support you
• Avoid using cannabis to cope with big emotions — talk to someone instead
• Plan what to do in high-risk moments, such as after a stressful day or when friends are using

Diet and exercise

Eating regular, balanced meals can help steady your mood and reduce cravings. Physical activity, even a short walk, boosts feel-good chemicals in the brain and is one of the best ways to reduce the urge to use cannabis.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Cannabis can feel relaxing at first, but heavy or regular use can worsen anxiety, depression, and paranoia. In some people, especially those who start young or have a family history, it can even trigger more serious mental health problems. If you notice your mood slipping, reaching out for support is a sign of strength, not weakness.

Prevention

The best way to prevent cannabis problems is to start using it later in life, after the brain has fully developed in the mid-20s, and to avoid daily use. Choosing other ways to relax, manage stress, and connect with others can greatly reduce the chance of dependence.

Screening programmes

Doctors do not routinely screen for cannabis use, but they may include questions about alcohol and drugs as part of general health checks. Answering honestly helps them give you the best possible care.

Complications

If left untreated

• Regular heavy use can affect memory, attention, and learning, and can make it harder to stay motivated in school, work, or relationships
• Cannabis can worsen anxiety, depression, and paranoia, and may increase the risk of psychotic episodes in vulnerable people
• Smoking cannabis can damage your lungs and cause a chronic cough or chest infections
• Using cannabis during pregnancy may affect the growing baby's development
• Dependence can make it feel impossible to enjoy life without the drug

Long-term outlook

The outlook is very hopeful. Most people who want to change their cannabis use are able to do so with time, support, and practical strategies. The brain is resilient, and many people notice clearer thinking, better mood, and more energy when they cut down or stop. With the right help, you can build a life that feels good without relying on cannabis.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.