Cellulitis patient overview

Overview

Cellulitis is a common bacterial skin infection that causes redness, swelling, and pain in the affected area. It happens when bacteria enter the skin through a cut, scrape, or other break in the skin.

Yes, cellulitis is a common infection. Thousands of people get it each year. It can affect anyone, but certain factors increase your risk.

People of all ages can get cellulitis. It is more common in adults, especially those with diabetes, a weakened immune system, or circulation problems. People who have had cellulitis before are also at higher risk.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Red, swollen, and warm skin around the infected area
• Pain or tenderness in the area
• Fever and chills
• Tight, glossy appearance of the skin

Symptoms in children

• Cellulitis in children often appears on the face, arms, or legs.
• Children may be more irritable and have a fever.
• The skin may look red, puffy, and feel hot to the touch.

Symptoms in older adults

• In older adults, the symptoms may be less obvious at first.
• The redness and swelling might spread quickly.
• Older adults may feel confused or very tired, which can be a sign of a serious infection.

Causes

Main causes

• Bacteria (usually streptococcus or staphylococcus) entering through a break in the skin, such as a cut, insect bite, surgery wound, or dry cracked skin.

Risk factors

• Having a weakened immune system (from conditions like diabetes, HIV, or medications)
• Poor circulation in the legs (such as with varicose veins or lymphedema)
• Skin conditions that cause cracks, like athlete's foot or eczema
• A recent injury or surgery
• Being overweight
• Having had cellulitis before

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have a red, swollen, and painful area of skin that is growing quickly.
• If you have a fever and feel generally unwell.
• If you have diabetes or a weakened immune system and notice any sign of infection.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have a mild area of redness and swelling that is not getting worse, but you are concerned.
• If you have had cellulitis in the past and want to discuss prevention.

Diagnosis

A doctor will examine your skin and ask about your symptoms and medical history. They may also check your temperature and look for any breaks in the skin.

Tests that may be done

• Usually no tests are needed. The diagnosis is based on the appearance of the skin.
• Sometimes a blood test or a sample from the wound (swab) may be taken to identify the bacteria.
• In rare cases, imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI may be done if the infection is deep.

What to expect at your appointment

The doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics. They may mark the edge of the redness with a pen to see if it spreads. You will be advised to rest and keep the area elevated. Most people feel better within a few days.

Treatment

Cellulitis is treated with antibiotics to kill the bacteria. The type of antibiotic depends on the severity and the bacteria involved. Most people take antibiotics by mouth for 5 to 10 days. For severe infections, you may need antibiotics through a vein (intravenous) in the hospital.

Self-care at home

• Rest and elevate the affected area to reduce swelling.
• Take over-the-counter pain relievers like paracetamol or ibuprofen (follow the instructions on the packet and check with a pharmacist if you have any medical conditions).
• Keep the skin clean and dry.
• Finish the entire course of antibiotics even if you start feeling better.

Medical treatments

Your doctor will prescribe an oral antibiotic. It is important to take the full course as directed. If the infection is severe or does not improve, you may need intravenous antibiotics in a hospital. In some cases, the doctor may drain any pus or abscess that forms. Do not stop antibiotics early without consulting your doctor.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is rarely needed for cellulitis. If an abscess (a pocket of pus) forms, it may need to be drained by a healthcare professional. Very deep or necrotizing infections (where tissue dies) require urgent surgery, but this is uncommon.

Living with this condition

While you have cellulitis, you may need to take time off work or school. Rest, keep the area elevated, and take your medication. Most people can return to normal activities within a few days to a week.

Lifestyle tips

• Take care of your skin to prevent breaks: use moisturiser if your skin is dry.
• Treat any skin conditions like athlete's foot promptly.
• Wear protective footwear if you are at risk (e.g., if you have diabetes).

Diet and exercise

A healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and protein can support your immune system. Light exercise like walking is fine once you feel better, but avoid strenuous activity until the infection clears. Rest is more important during the acute phase.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Having cellulitis can be stressful, especially if you need time off or the infection is painful. It is normal to feel worried or frustrated. Talk to your healthcare provider if you are struggling. They can offer support or refer you to a counsellor if needed.

Prevention

You can lower your risk by taking care of your skin. Keep your skin clean and moisturised. Treat any cuts, scrapes, or insect bites promptly with antiseptic and a bandage. If you have a condition that increases your risk, such as lymphedema, talk to your doctor about special care.

Complications

If left untreated

• The infection can spread deeper into the body, causing serious illness.
• It can lead to a blood infection (sepsis), which is life-threatening.
• Long-term swelling of the affected limb (lymphoedema) can occur after severe cellulitis.

Long-term outlook

With proper treatment, most people recover fully within a week or two. It is important to take the full course of antibiotics and follow your doctor's advice. If you have repeated episodes, there are ways to reduce your risk. Cellulitis is a treatable condition, and the outlook is very good when managed early.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.