Chills in older adults

Overview

Chills are feelings of being cold and shivering. They happen when your body tries to raise its temperature to fight an illness, like an infection.

Yes, chills are common in older adults, especially when the immune system is weaker.

Chills can affect anyone, but older adults are more likely to get them because their immune system may not work as well.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Shivering or shaking
• Feeling very cold
• Goosebumps
• Cold hands and feet

Symptoms in children

• Children may also have chills with fever, but they might cry or be irritable instead of complaining of cold.

Symptoms in older adults

• Chills without a noticeable fever (temperature might not be very high)
• Confusion or drowsiness
• Weakness or feeling unwell
• Loss of appetite

Causes

Main causes

• Infections: bacterial or viral (like flu, pneumonia, urinary tract infection)
• Sepsis: the body's extreme response to an infection
• Side effects of some medications (talk to your doctor if new chills after starting a medicine)
• Other conditions like a blood clot or autoimmune disease (rare)

Risk factors

• Age 65 or older
• Chronic health problems (diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease)
• Weakened immune system (from illness or treatments like chemotherapy)
• Living in a care home or hospital
• Having a catheter or recent surgery

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have chills with confusion, trouble breathing, or severe pain
• If you have a very high fever (above 39°C or 102°F) or a fever that does not go away
• If you have a stiff neck or are very sensitive to light

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have mild chills for a day or two without other serious symptoms
• If you have a low-grade fever that comes and goes

Diagnosis

A doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, check your temperature, and do a physical exam.

Tests that may be done

• Temperature measurement (sometimes repeated)
• Blood tests (to check for infection or inflammation)
• Urine test
• Chest X-ray if pneumonia is suspected
• Sputum culture or other tests based on symptoms

What to expect at your appointment

The doctor will look for signs of infection. You may be asked about recent travel, contact with sick people, or changes in medicine. Most tests are quick and simple.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause. The main goal is to treat the underlying infection or condition.

Self-care at home

• Rest and keep warm with blankets
• Drink plenty of fluids (water, warm broth)
• Take your temperature regularly
• Avoid alcohol and caffeine

Medical treatments

If an infection is found, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics (for bacteria) or antiviral medicines (for viruses). Medicines to lower fever (like paracetamol or ibuprofen) may be recommended, but always ask your doctor or pharmacist about the right type and amount for you. Sometimes a hospital stay is needed for IV fluids or stronger treatment.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is not a common treatment for chills. It would only be considered if an infection requires drainage of an abscess or removal of an infected device (like a catheter).

Living with this condition

If you have chills, take it easy. Stay in a warm room, use extra blankets, and check your temperature often. Call your doctor if symptoms get worse.

Lifestyle tips

• Keep your home warm, especially in winter
• Wash hands often to avoid infections
• Stay up to date with vaccinations

Diet and exercise

Eat well with plenty of fruits and vegetables. Gentle activity like walking can help your immune system, but rest when you have chills.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Feeling unwell can cause worry or sadness. It is normal to feel anxious when you have chills. Talk to your doctor or a trusted person about your concerns.

Prevention

Many cases of chills can be prevented by avoiding infections. Good hygiene and staying healthy help.

Vaccines

Vaccines for flu, pneumonia, and shingles can reduce your risk of infections that cause chills. Ask your doctor which vaccines are right for you.

Screening programmes

There is no routine screening for chills, but regular check-ups can help find health problems early.

Complications

If left untreated

• The infection may get worse and spread (e.g., from a urinary tract infection to sepsis)
• Dehydration from fever and sweating
• Confusion or falls due to weakness

Long-term outlook

Most older adults with chills recover fully once the cause is treated. With prompt medical care, serious complications are less likely. Always seek help early if you are concerned.

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