Chronic fatigue living in adults

Overview

Chronic fatigue syndrome (also called ME) is a long-term condition that causes extreme tiredness that does not go away with rest. It can affect your daily life and make it hard to do normal activities.

Chronic fatigue syndrome affects about 1 in 100 people. It is not rare, but many people do not know they have it because symptoms can be similar to other conditions.

It can affect anyone, but it is most common in people aged 40 to 60. Women are more often affected than men, but men and people of all ages can get it.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Severe tiredness that lasts more than 6 months and is not helped by rest
• Worsening of fatigue after mild physical or mental activity (known as post-exertional malaise)
• Problems with memory, concentration, or finding the right words (brain fog)
• Sleep problems, such as waking up feeling unrefreshed
• Muscle or joint pain without swelling
• Headaches that are new or more severe
• Pain in the throat or tender lymph nodes in the neck or armpits
• Feeling dizzy or lightheaded when standing up

Symptoms in children

• Chronic fatigue can affect children and teenagers, but it is less common than in adults.
• Symptoms in children are similar to adults, but they may have more trouble with school attendance and social activities.
• Children may also have more frequent headaches or abdominal pain.

Symptoms in older adults

• Older adults with chronic fatigue may experience more muscle pain and trouble with balance.
• They may be more likely to have other health conditions that can interact with chronic fatigue.
• Fatigue can increase the risk of falls and make it harder to maintain independence.

Causes

Main causes

• The exact cause of chronic fatigue syndrome is not known, but it is thought to involve a combination of factors.
• It may be triggered by an infection, such as a virus (like glandular fever) or bacteria.
• Some people develop it after a stressful event or major physical trauma.
• Problems with the immune system or nervous system may also play a role.

Risk factors

• Being female
• Having a family history of chronic fatigue syndrome or similar conditions
• Having had a severe infection that left you very run down
• Experiencing high levels of stress or emotional trauma
• Having a history of other chronic health conditions, such as fibromyalgia or irritable bowel syndrome

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have severe fatigue that makes it hard to walk, eat, or take care of yourself
• If you have difficulty breathing or chest pain

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have been feeling extremely tired for more than 3 months and it is affecting your daily life
• If you have symptoms like brain fog, sleep problems, or pain that do not improve with rest
• If you are worried about your fatigue and want a proper assessment

Diagnosis

There is no single test for chronic fatigue syndrome. A doctor will take a detailed history, ask about your symptoms, and rule out other possible causes of fatigue. You may need to be tired for at least 6 months and have other typical symptoms for a diagnosis.

Tests that may be done

• Blood tests to check for anemia, thyroid problems, infections, or other conditions
• Urine tests to look for signs of kidney or liver issues
• Sometimes a sleep study or referral to a specialist if needed

What to expect at your appointment

Diagnosis can take time because other conditions need to be ruled out. Your doctor will work with you to understand your symptoms. It is important to keep a symptom diary and note what makes your fatigue better or worse.

Treatment

There is no cure for chronic fatigue syndrome, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving your ability to do daily activities. A team of healthcare professionals may be involved, including your GP, a physiotherapist, and a psychologist.

Self-care at home

• Pacing: balancing activity and rest to avoid overexertion and crashes
• Establishing a regular sleep routine, even if you wake up tired
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation
• Keeping a diary to track your energy levels and identify triggers
• Learning to say no to extra demands and protect your energy

Medical treatments

Treatments may include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help cope with the impact of the condition, and graded exercise therapy (GET) under careful supervision to gently increase activity levels. Some people benefit from pain management strategies or medication for sleep problems, but no specific drug is approved for all symptoms. Always discuss any treatment with your doctor.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is not used to treat chronic fatigue syndrome. However, if you have another condition that requires surgery, your healthcare team will consider your fatigue when planning your care.

Living with this condition

Living with chronic fatigue means adjusting your daily schedule to match your energy levels. It often involves planning rest breaks, prioritizing tasks, and accepting that some days will be harder than others.

Lifestyle tips

• Keep a consistent routine for sleeping and waking up, even on weekends
• Eat small, regular meals to keep your energy stable
• Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and large meals close to bedtime
• Use relaxation techniques to reduce stress and improve sleep
• Ask for help with chores or errands when you need it

Diet and exercise

A balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help support your overall health. Gentle exercise, like short walks or stretching, may be helpful if done carefully and increased slowly. Always talk to your doctor or a physiotherapist before starting any exercise program.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Chronic fatigue can affect your mood and mental health, causing frustration, sadness, or anxiety. It is normal to feel this way. Talking to a counselor or joining a support group can help. If you have thoughts of harming yourself, call your local emergency number or a crisis helpline right away.

Prevention

There is no known way to prevent chronic fatigue syndrome. However, managing stress, avoiding overwork, and getting enough rest may reduce the risk of it developing after an illness or stressful event.

Complications

If left untreated

• Long-term fatigue that limits your ability to work, study, or enjoy social activities
• Increased risk of depression and anxiety
• Difficulty maintaining relationships or caring for family
• Loss of independence and reduced quality of life

Long-term outlook

With the right support and management, many people with chronic fatigue syndrome find ways to improve their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. The condition can vary over time, and some people recover fully or have long periods of remission. It is important to work with your healthcare team and be patient with yourself.

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