Depression living day to day in pregnancy

Overview

Depression during pregnancy (also called antenatal depression) is a mental health condition that causes low mood, loss of interest, and hopeless feelings that last for weeks at a time. It is more than just 'pregnancy blues' and can be treated.

Yes, depression during pregnancy is common. Around 10-15% of pregnant people experience it at some point during their pregnancy.

Anyone can develop depression during pregnancy, regardless of age, background, or whether they have had depression before. It affects pregnant individuals and can also impact their partners and families.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Feeling sad, empty, or hopeless most of the time
• Losing interest in things you used to enjoy
• Changes in appetite – eating too little or too much
• Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
• Feeling extremely tired or low energy
• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt about the pregnancy
• Trouble concentrating or making decisions
• Thoughts of harming yourself or the baby (these require emergency help)

Symptoms in children

• Depression during pregnancy does not directly affect children, but if left untreated it can influence the mother’s bond with the baby and the baby’s development over time.

Symptoms in older adults

• While depression during pregnancy is most common in reproductive-age women, older pregnant individuals (e.g., over 35) may also experience it and may have additional stress from health concerns.

Causes

Main causes

• Hormonal changes during pregnancy can affect brain chemicals that regulate mood.
• A history of depression or anxiety makes it more likely to return during pregnancy.
• Stressful life events – relationship troubles, financial worries, or lack of support.
• Physical discomfort or complications during pregnancy can also contribute.

Risk factors

• Previous depression or anxiety
• Lack of social support from partner, family, or friends
• Unplanned or unwanted pregnancy
• Difficult past experiences, such as abuse or trauma
• High stress at work or home
• Health conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure in pregnancy

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, call your local emergency number immediately.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have felt sad, empty, or lost interest for more than two weeks.
• If you are having trouble sleeping or eating most days.
• If you feel overwhelmed and unable to cope with daily tasks.

Diagnosis

Your doctor or midwife will ask about your feelings, mood, sleep, and appetite. They may use a questionnaire to screen for depression. There is no single test – it is based on a conversation and your symptoms.

Tests that may be done

• A mood questionnaire (like the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale)
• Discussion about your medical history and any previous mental health issues
• Blood tests to check for other conditions, such as anaemia or thyroid problems, that can mimic depression

What to expect at your appointment

Your healthcare provider will talk with you in a private, supportive setting. They will ask how you have been feeling and how long it has lasted. The goal is to understand your experience and work with you to find the best treatment plan.

Treatment

Treatment for depression during pregnancy is safe and effective. The best approach depends on how severe your symptoms are. Treatment options include talking therapies, lifestyle changes, and in some cases medication. Your doctor will help you choose what is right for you, weighing benefits and risks for both you and your baby.

Self-care at home

• Talk to someone you trust about how you are feeling – you are not alone.
• Try to eat small, healthy meals even if you have little appetite.
• Get gentle exercise like walking outdoors – even 10 minutes can help.
• Set a regular sleep routine – go to bed and wake up at similar times.
• Be kind to yourself – lower expectations for now and ask for help with daily tasks.

Medical treatments

If your depression is moderate to severe, your doctor may recommend talking therapy (counselling or cognitive behavioural therapy). In some cases, antidepressant medication may be offered after discussing the benefits and risks with your healthcare team. Medication is only used when necessary and is chosen to be as safe as possible during pregnancy.

Living with this condition

Living with depression during pregnancy can feel like a heavy cloud. Break tasks into small steps. Keep a simple daily routine – wake up, have a drink, take a short walk. When you feel low, remind yourself that this is a treatable illness and it is not your fault. Use a mood journal to track feelings and spot patterns. Most importantly, stay connected with your healthcare provider and support system.

Lifestyle tips

• Prioritise rest – take naps if you are able, even for 20 minutes.
• Limit stress – say no to extra commitments you cannot handle.
• Stay connected – call a friend, join a pregnancy support group (online or in person).
• Practice deep breathing or mindfulness to calm your mind for a few moments.

Diet and exercise

Eat small, balanced meals throughout the day to keep your energy stable. Include protein, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Gentle exercise – like walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga – can boost mood if done safely. Even a few minutes of movement each day can help. Talk to your doctor before starting any new exercise.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Depression during pregnancy can make you feel disconnected from your baby or the pregnancy. It can also cause anxiety, guilt, or shame. Remember that these feelings are symptoms of illness, not a reflection of who you are as a mother. With treatment, most people feel more like themselves and can bond with their baby after birth.

Prevention

There is no guaranteed way to prevent depression during pregnancy, but you can lower your risk by building a strong support network, managing stress, and staying active. If you have a history of depression, talk to your doctor before pregnancy or early in pregnancy to plan ahead.

Screening programmes

Many midwives and doctors recommend a depression screening at regular prenatal visits. This is a simple questionnaire that can catch symptoms early. You can also ask to be screened at any time if you feel concerned.

Complications

If left untreated

• Untreated depression can increase the risk of premature birth or low birth weight.
• It can make it harder to eat well, attend appointments, and care for yourself.
• It may affect the bond between you and your baby after birth.
• It raises the risk of postpartum depression (depression after giving birth).

Long-term outlook

The outlook for depression during pregnancy is very hopeful. With the right support and treatment, most people recover fully. You can have a healthy pregnancy and a joyful relationship with your baby. Taking the first step to ask for help is the most important thing you can do.

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