Hair Loss
Sources consulted
This article is original patient-education content.
- WHO—Health topics A–Z(2024)
- NHS—Health A to Z(2024)
- CDC—Health topics(2024)
Based on international clinical guidelines
Overview
Hair loss, also called alopecia, is when hair falls out from the scalp or other parts of the body. It can happen gradually or suddenly, and may be temporary or permanent. Common types include pattern baldness (in men and women) and patchy hair loss (alopecia areata).
Key facts
- Most people lose 50 to 100 hairs a day as part of the natural hair cycle.
- Hair loss can be caused by genetics, hormones, stress, or medical conditions.
- Many types of hair loss are treatable or reversible if addressed early.
Yes, hair loss is very common. About half of all men and up to half of all women will experience noticeable hair loss in their lifetime.
Hair loss can affect people of all ages, genders, and ethnicities. It is more common as people get older, but it can also start in the teenage years or even earlier.
Symptoms
- If hair loss comes with sudden, severe pain or swelling of the scalp
- If hair loss follows a head injury or accident
- ⚠Rapid, unexplained hair loss over a few days
- ⚠Hair loss along with fever, redness, or oozing sores on the scalp
- ⚠Hair loss after starting a new medication (check with doctor or pharmacist)
Common symptoms
- Gradual thinning on the top of the head
- Sudden patchy hair loss (smooth, round bald spots)
- Full-body hair loss
- Bald patches that may be red, scaly, or itchy (possible sign of ringworm)
- Hair shedding in handfuls when brushing or washing
Symptoms in children
- Patchy hair loss from ringworm (usually itchy, scaly)
- Hair pulling (trichotillomania)
- Bald spots from alopecia areata
- Hair loss from tight hairstyles (traction alopecia)
Symptoms in older adults
- Gradual thinning or balding (pattern hair loss)
- Brittle hair that breaks or falls out more easily
- Hair loss related to medications or health conditions
Causes
Main causes
- Genetics – family history of pattern baldness
- Hormonal changes – pregnancy, menopause, thyroid issues
- Stress – physical or emotional stress can trigger temporary shedding
- Medical conditions – alopecia areata, scalp infections, autoimmune diseases
- Medications – certain drugs for cancer, arthritis, depression, or heart problems
- Hairstyling – tight braids, ponytails, or chemical treatments that damage hair
Risk factors
- Family history of hair loss
- Age – risk increases with age
- Poor nutrition – low iron, protein, or vitamin D
- Certain medical conditions like diabetes or lupus
- Smoking
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- Sudden, patchy hair loss that gets worse quickly
- Hair loss with severe itching, pain, or redness on the scalp
- Hair loss along with unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or fever
Book a routine appointment if:
- Gradual thinning that concerns you
- Hair loss that affects your confidence or daily life
- If you notice hair loss in your child and it doesn't go away
Diagnosis
A healthcare provider will ask about your medical history, when the hair loss started, and any other symptoms. They will examine your scalp and hair.
Tests that may be done
- Blood tests – to check for thyroid problems, low iron, or autoimmune conditions
- Scalp biopsy – taking a small sample of skin for testing
- Hair pull test – gently pulling a small group of hairs to see how many come out
What to expect at your appointment
The doctor will try to find the cause of your hair loss and recommend steps to manage it. In many cases, treatment can slow or reverse the loss.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause of hair loss. Many types are treatable, and early action often gives the best results. A doctor can help you choose what is right for you.
Self-care at home
- Use gentle hair products and avoid harsh chemicals or heat styling
- Eat a balanced diet with enough protein, iron, and vitamins
- Manage stress through relaxation, exercise, or talking to someone
- Avoid tight hairstyles that pull on the hair
Medical treatments
Medical treatments for hair loss may include prescription lotions or foams applied to the scalp (like those containing minoxidil), oral medications (such as finasteride for men), or corticosteroid injections for patchy hair loss. These treatments must be prescribed by a doctor. Always follow your provider’s instructions.
When is surgery considered?
For some types of permanent hair loss, such as male pattern baldness, hair transplant surgery may be an option. This involves moving hair from fuller areas of the scalp to thinning spots. Discuss with a dermatologist if this might be suitable for you.
Living with this condition
Hair loss can be upsetting, but many people find ways to feel good about their appearance. You can try different hairstyles, wigs, scarves, or hats if you like. Talk to your doctor about what treatments might help.
Lifestyle tips
- Be gentle with your hair – avoid harsh brushing or hot water
- Protect your scalp from the sun with hat or sunscreen
- Join a support group or online community to share experiences
Diet and exercise
Eating well supports healthy hair. Include foods rich in iron (like spinach or lean meat), protein (eggs, beans), and vitamins (fruits, vegetables). Regular exercise helps reduce stress, which can improve hair health.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Hair loss can affect self-esteem and cause anxiety or depression. It is normal to feel this way. Talking to a counsellor or joining a support group can help. If you feel overwhelmed, reach out to a mental health professional.
Prevention
Not all hair loss can be prevented, especially if it runs in your family. But you can reduce your risk by eating a healthy diet, managing stress, being gentle with your hair, and avoiding smoking. Treating underlying health conditions early may also help.
Complications
If left untreated
- Permanent baldness or thinning (especially in pattern hair loss)
- Spread of infection if hair loss is caused by ringworm
- Emotional distress, anxiety, or depression
Long-term outlook
The outlook for hair loss depends on the cause. Many types, such as stress-related shedding or alopecia areata, can improve on their own or with treatment. For pattern hair loss, treatments can slow progression and sometimes regrow hair. Although some hair loss is permanent, there are many ways to manage it and feel confident.
Find support
International organisations
Local organisations
- NHS – Hair Loss ↗ · UK
Helplines
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.