HELLP syndrome awareness
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
HELLP syndrome is a rare but serious pregnancy complication that affects the blood, liver, and blood pressure. It usually happens in the last three months of pregnancy or right after giving birth. The name stands for Hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells), Elevated Liver enzymes (signs of liver stress), and Low Platelets (cells that help blood clot). It is linked to preeclampsia, a condition of high blood pressure in pregnancy.
Key facts
- HELLP syndrome is a medical emergency that needs immediate care.
- It can develop quickly, often without warning signs.
- Treatment involves delivering the baby as soon as possible.
- Most women recover fully after delivery, but some need extra medical support.
No, HELLP syndrome is rare. It occurs in about 1 to 2 out of every 1,000 pregnancies.
It affects pregnant women, usually in the last three months of pregnancy or shortly after childbirth. It is more common in women who have preeclampsia or high blood pressure during pregnancy.
Symptoms
- Severe pain in the upper belly that does not go away
- Trouble breathing or chest tightness
- Sudden bleeding that does not stop (like from gums or nose)
- Seizures or passing out
- Sudden severe headache or vision loss
- ⚠Nausea or vomiting that keeps getting worse
- ⚠Feeling extremely tired or confused
- ⚠Pain under the ribs on the right side
- ⚠Swelling that becomes very bad
Common symptoms
- Feeling very tired or weak
- Nausea or vomiting
- Pain in the upper right side of the belly
- Headaches that won't go away
- Blurred vision or seeing spots
- Swelling in the face or hands
Symptoms in children
- HELLP syndrome does not directly affect children. It occurs only in the mother during pregnancy.
Symptoms in older adults
- HELLP syndrome does not affect older adults. It is a complication of pregnancy.
Causes
Main causes
- The exact cause is not known. HELLP syndrome is thought to happen because of problems with the blood vessels in the placenta, which can trigger the breakdown of red blood cells, liver damage, and low platelets.
Risk factors
- Having preeclampsia or high blood pressure during pregnancy
- Having had HELLP syndrome in a previous pregnancy
- Being pregnant with more than one baby (twins or triplets)
- Being over age 35
- Having diabetes or kidney disease before pregnancy
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have any symptoms of HELLP syndrome, especially belly pain, severe headache, or vision changes, contact your healthcare provider or go to the hospital immediately.
Book a routine appointment if:
- Attend all your prenatal appointments so your healthcare provider can check your blood pressure and do routine blood tests if needed.
Diagnosis
Your healthcare provider will check your blood pressure and order blood tests to look for signs of red blood cell breakdown, high liver enzymes, and low platelets. They may also do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms.
Tests that may be done
- Blood tests (complete blood count, liver function tests, and tests for hemolysis)
- Blood pressure monitoring
- Urine test to check for protein (a sign of preeclampsia)
- Sometimes an ultrasound of the liver or belly
What to expect at your appointment
If your provider suspects HELLP syndrome, you will be admitted to the hospital for close monitoring. The main goal is to manage your symptoms and plan for delivery of your baby, if it is safe. You may be cared for by a team that includes obstetricians, nurses, and other specialists.
Treatment
The main treatment for HELLP syndrome is delivering the baby, because the condition usually goes away after the baby is born. While you wait for delivery, you may receive medications to lower blood pressure and prevent seizures. Corticosteroids may be given to help your baby's lungs mature if delivery is needed early.
Self-care at home
- Rest as much as possible while in the hospital.
- Follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully.
- Let your care team know about any new or worsening symptoms right away.
Medical treatments
You will likely stay in the hospital for monitoring. Your healthcare team may give you medicines to control high blood pressure and prevent seizures. If your platelet count is very low, you might need a transfusion of platelets. The decision to deliver the baby depends on how far along you are and how severe the condition is.
When is surgery considered?
Most women with HELLP syndrome will need to deliver by cesarean section (C-section) because the condition can make labor dangerous. Sometimes an emergency C-section is needed if the health of the mother or baby is at risk.
Living with this condition
After delivery, you will be monitored for a few days until your blood counts and liver function start to improve. Most women recover fully, but it may take a few weeks to feel back to normal. You will need follow-up appointments to check your blood pressure and health.
Lifestyle tips
- Get plenty of rest after delivery – your body needs time to heal.
- Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activity until your doctor says it’s safe.
- Keep all follow-up appointments to monitor your recovery.
Diet and exercise
Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and water. Once you are healed, gentle exercise like walking can help you regain strength, but always check with your healthcare provider first.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Having HELLP syndrome can be scary and stressful. It is normal to feel anxious or overwhelmed. Talk to your healthcare provider or a counselor if you are having trouble coping. Your partner, family, or support groups can also help.
Prevention
There is no known way to prevent HELLP syndrome. However, early and regular prenatal care can help detect signs of preeclampsia and other problems early, so they can be managed quickly.
Complications
If left untreated
- Liver failure or rupture
- Stroke or bleeding in the brain
- Kidney failure
- Severe blood clotting problems
- Death of the mother or baby
Long-term outlook
With prompt treatment, most women with HELLP syndrome recover fully. The baby may need special care in the hospital if born early, but many babies do well. Your healthcare team will work hard to keep both you and your baby safe.
Find support
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 17, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.