Hepatitis C cure journey in adults

Overview

Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus. It can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). With modern treatment, most people can be cured completely.

Hepatitis C affects millions of people worldwide. It is more common in certain regions and among people with specific risk factors.

Anyone can get hepatitis C, but it is more common in people who inject drugs, received blood transfusions before 1992, or had medical procedures with unsterile equipment.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• no symptoms (most common)
• fatigue
• mild abdominal pain
• nausea or loss of appetite

Symptoms in children

• often no symptoms
• if present: fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort

Symptoms in older adults

• fatigue and joint pain may be more obvious
• jaundice (yellow skin or eyes) in some cases

Causes

Main causes

• Infection with the hepatitis C virus after blood-to-blood contact

Risk factors

• sharing needles or syringes
• receiving blood transfusions or organ transplants before 1992
• unsafe medical or dental procedures with unsterile equipment
• being born to a mother with hepatitis C
• getting tattoos or piercings with unsterile needles

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• if you have any symptoms of serious liver disease (jaundice, abdominal swelling, confusion)

Book a routine appointment if:

• if you think you may have been exposed to hepatitis C, even without symptoms, get tested

Diagnosis

Blood tests can detect antibodies and the virus itself. If you have the virus, more tests check how your liver is doing.

Tests that may be done

• blood test for hepatitis C antibodies
• blood test for hepatitis C RNA (confirms active infection)
• liver function tests
• liver ultrasound or fibroscan (to check for liver damage)

What to expect at your appointment

Your doctor will review your results and discuss whether treatment is right for you. Treatment is a short course of oral antiviral tablets, usually 8–12 weeks.

Treatment

Hepatitis C is curable with a course of antiviral medication taken by mouth. These tablets are very effective and have few side effects. The goal is to clear the virus from your body for good.

Self-care at home

• avoid alcohol completely – it harms the liver
• do not take any new medicines or supplements without checking with your doctor
• eat healthy foods and drink plenty of water
• get enough rest and manage stress

Medical treatments

Your doctor will prescribe a combination of direct-acting antiviral pills that you take once or twice a day for 8 to 12 weeks. The exact type and duration depend on your liver health and the virus strain. You must complete the full course as directed.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is rarely needed. In severe cases where the liver has failed or cancer has developed, a liver transplant may be considered.

Living with this condition

After cure, most people live healthy, normal lives. You will need follow-up blood tests to confirm the virus is gone and check liver health.

Lifestyle tips

• avoid alcohol entirely
• do not share razors, toothbrushes, or other items that might have blood on them
• practice safe sex – condoms reduce the risk of spreading the virus
• get vaccinated against hepatitis A and hepatitis B

Diet and exercise

Eat a balanced, low-fat diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Gentle exercise, like walking, can improve energy and overall health.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Learning you have hepatitis C can be stressful. Know that it is curable, and treatment is very effective. If you feel anxious or depressed, talk to a professional. You can also contact a crisis helpline for immediate support.

Prevention

Yes, by avoiding contact with infected blood. Use sterile needles and equipment, ensure medical tools are properly sterilized, and practice safe sex.

Vaccines

There is no vaccine for hepatitis C. However, vaccines for hepatitis A and B are recommended to protect your liver.

Screening programmes

Screening with a blood test is recommended if you are at higher risk – for example, if you were born between 1945 and 1965, have ever injected drugs, or have HIV.

Complications

If left untreated

• chronic hepatitis can lead to liver scarring (cirrhosis)
• liver failure (when the liver stops working properly)
• liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma)

Long-term outlook

With modern treatment, almost everyone with hepatitis C can be cured. The earlier you start treatment, the less chance of liver damage. Even with some liver scarring, cure can stop the damage from getting worse.

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