high sugar complications awareness
Overview
High blood sugar, also called hyperglycemia, happens when there is too much glucose (a type of sugar) in your blood. Glucose is your body's main source of energy, but when it stays too high, it can damage your blood vessels and organs over time. This is a common problem for people with diabetes.
Key facts
- High blood sugar usually means you have diabetes or are at risk for it.
- If left untreated, high blood sugar can lead to heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision problems.
- You can often manage high blood sugar with healthy habits and by working closely with your healthcare team.
Yes. High blood sugar is very common. Millions of people around the world live with diabetes, and many more have blood sugar levels that are higher than normal but not yet in the diabetes range.
High blood sugar can affect anyone, but it is more common in people who are overweight, are older, have a family history of diabetes, or who do not get enough physical activity. It can also happen during pregnancy or as a side effect of some medicines.
Symptoms
- Severe confusion, drowsiness, or passing out
- Trouble breathing or deep, rapid breathing
- Fruity-smelling breath or very dry mouth (a sign of a serious problem called ketoacidosis)
- Seizures or uncontrolled shaking
- ⚠Blood sugar levels that stay very high for a day or more
- ⚠Frequent vomiting or diarrhea without being able to keep fluids down
- ⚠Signs of infection, like a fever or red, swollen, painful area
- ⚠Numbness or tingling in your feet or hands that is new or getting worse
Common symptoms
- Feeling very thirsty
- Urinating more often than usual, especially at night
- Feeling very tired
- Blurred vision
- Headaches
- Slow healing of cuts and sores
Symptoms in children
- Bedwetting or accidents after being toilet trained
- Feeling very tired or irritable
- Weight loss even though still hungry
- Heavy, deep breathing or fruity-smelling breath (a warning sign)
Symptoms in older adults
- Confusion or feeling 'foggy'
- Dizziness or falls
- Feeling unusually weak or tired
- Dry, cracked skin or frequent infections
Causes
Main causes
- Your body does not make enough insulin, a hormone that helps sugar enter your cells for energy.
- Your body does not use insulin properly, often called insulin resistance.
- Illness, injury, or severe stress can cause blood sugar to rise even if you do not have diabetes.
- Some medicines, like steroid tablets, can raise blood sugar levels.
Risk factors
- Being overweight or having a large waistline
- Having a parent, brother, or sister with diabetes
- Being age 45 or older
- Not being physically active
- Having high blood pressure or high cholesterol
- Having had diabetes during pregnancy
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have emergency signs like confusion, trouble breathing, or passing out, call your local emergency number right away.
- If you have vomiting or diarrhea and cannot keep fluids down, get same-day medical help.
Book a routine appointment if:
- If you have symptoms like frequent thirst and urination, make an appointment with your doctor within a week.
- If you have diabetes and your blood sugar readings are often above your target, talk to your doctor about adjusting your plan.
Diagnosis
Doctors diagnose high blood sugar and diabetes using simple blood tests. They may also ask about your symptoms and medical history.
Tests that may be done
- Fasting blood sugar test: checks your sugar after not eating for at least 8 hours.
- HbA1c test: shows your average blood sugar for the past 2 to 3 months.
- Oral glucose tolerance test: measures your blood sugar before and after drinking a sugary drink.
What to expect at your appointment
The tests are quick and painless. Your doctor will explain your results and what they mean for your health. If you are diagnosed with diabetes, you will get help creating a plan to manage it.
Treatment
The main goal of treatment is to keep your blood sugar in a healthy range so you can avoid complications. For many people, this means making lifestyle changes and possibly taking medicine.
Self-care at home
- Check your blood sugar as often as your doctor recommends.
- Take any prescribed medicine exactly as directed.
- Eat regular, balanced meals and avoid sugary drinks.
- Stay active with daily physical activity, like walking.
- Drink plenty of water unless your doctor says otherwise.
Medical treatments
Healthcare providers may use different types of medicines to help lower blood sugar. Some help your body use insulin better, some push out extra sugar through urine, and some replace insulin itself. The right approach depends on your type of diabetes, your lifestyle, and other health needs. Your doctor will explain your options without rushing you.
Living with this condition
Living with high blood sugar means learning to manage it every day. It helps to have a routine for checking your sugar, taking medicines, and planning meals. Many people live full and active lives with diabetes.
Lifestyle tips
- Eat a diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
- Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity each week, if your doctor agrees.
- Get enough sleep and try to manage stress with relaxation exercises.
- Stop smoking and limit alcohol to protect your heart and blood vessels.
- Keep up with regular foot checks and dental visits.
Diet and exercise
A balanced, low-sugar diet is key. Choose water over sugary drinks, control portion sizes, and include fiber to slow sugar absorption. Exercise helps your body use insulin better, so even short walks after meals can help.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Dealing with high blood sugar can feel stressful or exhausting. It is normal to feel worried or discouraged at times. Talking to a counselor, joining a support group, or opening up to friends and family can help you cope.
Prevention
For type 2 diabetes, you can lower your risk by staying at a healthy weight, eating well, and being active. For type 1 diabetes, prevention is not currently possible. But you can delay or prevent complications by keeping blood sugar in a safe range.
Screening programmes
If you are overweight, over 45, or have a family history of diabetes, ask your doctor about a simple blood test to check your blood sugar. Regular check-ups help catch problems early.
Complications
If left untreated
- Heart disease and increased risk of heart attack or stroke
- Kidney damage that can lead to kidney failure
- Nerve damage causing tingling, pain, or numbness, especially in the feet
- Eye damage that can cause vision loss or blindness
- Slow-healing wounds and infections, sometimes leading to foot ulcers
- Skin and gum infections
Long-term outlook
The good news is that with early treatment and good blood sugar control, you can greatly lower your risk of complications. Many people with diabetes live long, healthy lives. Every step you take to manage your blood sugar counts, and your healthcare team is there to help you.
Find support
International organisations
Local organisations
- Diabetes UK ↗ · United Kingdom
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidance differs by country and region. This page is general education and may not match the guidelines, medicines, or practice where you live. Discuss your concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and follow local guidance where it exists.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: August 19, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Guidance may differ by country or region. Confirm local recommendations with a qualified healthcare provider.