Hypothermia awareness

Overview

Hypothermia is a dangerous drop in body temperature below 35°C (95°F). It happens when your body loses heat faster than it can produce it. This condition is a medical emergency that needs quick action.

Hypothermia is more common in cold climates, but it can happen anywhere if conditions are right — for example, in windy or wet weather. It is a serious condition that sends thousands of people to emergency rooms each year.

Anyone can get hypothermia, but it is most common in older adults, young children, people with certain medical conditions (such as diabetes or thyroid problems), and those who are homeless, work outdoors, or participate in winter sports.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Shivering
• Cold, pale, or blue-tinged skin
• Confusion or trouble thinking clearly
• Drowsiness and lack of energy
• Slow breathing and slow heart rate
• Lack of coordination or clumsiness

Symptoms in children

• Bright red, cold skin
• Very low energy (lethargy)
• Refusing to feed or eat

Symptoms in older adults

• Confusion or slurred speech (which may be mistaken for a stroke)
• Slow, clumsy movements
• Shivering that stops as hypothermia worsens

Causes

Main causes

• Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, especially when it is windy or raining
• Falling into cold water (e.g., lake, river, or ocean)
• Living or working in a cold environment without proper clothing or shelter

Risk factors

• Advanced age (over 65) or very young age (infants and children)
• Medical conditions like diabetes, hypothyroidism, or malnutrition
• Alcohol consumption or drug use (which impairs the body's ability to sense cold)
• Fatigue, dehydration, or poor blood circulation

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you or someone else shows signs of hypothermia, such as confusion, severe shivering that stops, or loss of consciousness, call your local emergency number immediately.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have been in cold conditions and feel generally unwell but not severely affected, contact a healthcare provider for advice.

Diagnosis

A doctor will check your body temperature using a special low-reading thermometer and assess your symptoms. They will also ask about how you were exposed to the cold.

Tests that may be done

• Blood tests to check for organ function and blood sugar levels
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor heart rhythm

What to expect at your appointment

The medical team will work to warm you up gradually using blankets, warm fluids, and possibly warmed IV fluids. They will monitor your heart rate, breathing, and body temperature closely to prevent complications.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on warming the body safely and gradually to prevent complications. Mild cases can be managed at home, but moderate to severe hypothermia requires hospital care.

Self-care at home

• Move to a warm, dry place immediately.
• Remove any wet clothing and wrap in warm blankets or dry clothing.
• Drink warm, non-alcoholic fluids if you are conscious and able to swallow.
• Apply warm compresses to the chest, armpits, and groin.
• Do not use direct heat like hot water or heating pads — this can cause burns or dangerous heart problems.

Medical treatments

In the hospital, doctors may use warm intravenous fluids, heated oxygen, and special warming devices. They will monitor for complications like heart arrhythmias and treat them as needed. The goal is to raise body temperature slowly and safely.

Living with this condition

After hypothermia, most people make a full recovery with proper care. It is important to rest and avoid further cold exposure until your body has completely warmed and normalized.

Lifestyle tips

• Dress warmly in layers when going outside in cold weather.
• Keep your home at a safe temperature (at least 18°C or 64°F).
• Avoid alcohol before going into the cold, as it can increase heat loss.

Diet and exercise

Eat warm, nourishing meals to help maintain body heat. Gentle exercise can improve circulation, but avoid overexertion in cold conditions.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Experiencing hypothermia can be frightening and may cause anxiety about being in the cold. It can help to talk about your fears with a healthcare provider or a counselor if you feel worried.

Prevention

Yes, hypothermia is largely preventable. By dressing appropriately for the weather, keeping your home warm, staying dry, and being aware of your limits in the cold, you can greatly reduce your risk.

Complications

If left untreated

• Heart arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
• Frostbite (tissue damage from freezing)
• Organ damage, including kidney or liver failure
• Death

Long-term outlook

With early recognition and proper treatment, most people recover fully from hypothermia. Even severe cases can have good outcomes with prompt medical care. Acting quickly and seeking help is the key to a positive outcome.

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