Impetigo
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Impetigo is a common and highly contagious bacterial skin infection. It causes red sores that burst and develop a golden or honey-colored crust. It is usually not serious and clears up with treatment.
Key facts
- Impetigo is most common in children aged 2 to 5 years.
- It spreads easily through direct contact with sores or contaminated objects.
- Good hygiene can help prevent it from spreading.
- Treatment with antibiotics (cream or tablets) usually clears it within 7 to 10 days.
Yes, impetigo is very common, especially among young children. It is one of the most common skin infections in kids.
It mainly affects children, but adults can get it too. People who are in close contact with an infected person, such as family members or classmates, are at higher risk.
Symptoms
- If the infected area becomes very painful, hot, or swollen with spreading redness (signs of cellulitis).
- If your child has a high fever, seems very unwell, or is extremely drowsy.
- ⚠If sores are spreading rapidly despite starting treatment.
- ⚠If you have a weakened immune system (e.g., from chemotherapy, diabetes) and develop impetigo.
Common symptoms
- Red sores that quickly burst and ooze fluid.
- Honey-colored crust forming over the sores.
- Itching or mild pain in the affected area.
- Sores usually appear around the nose, mouth, hands, or nappy area.
Symptoms in children
- Same as common symptoms, but children may also have swollen lymph nodes near the infected area.
- Children may feel generally unwell or have a mild fever.
Symptoms in older adults
- Older adults may develop larger sores or blisters.
- Skin around the sores might be redder and more painful.
Causes
Main causes
- Bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes enter the skin through a cut, scratch, or insect bite.
- Direct skin-to-skin contact with someone who has impetigo.
- Touching contaminated objects like towels, clothing, or toys.
Risk factors
- Being a young child (especially 2–5 years).
- Living in crowded or warm, humid conditions.
- Playing contact sports (e.g., rugby, wrestling).
- Having a weakened immune system.
- Having eczema or other skin conditions that break the skin.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have signs of a deeper infection: spreading redness, swelling, pain, or fever.
- If you have a medical condition that weakens your immune system.
- If impetigo keeps coming back or does not improve after a few days of self-care.
Book a routine appointment if:
- If you or your child have sores that look like impetigo for the first time.
- If you want a prescription for antibiotic cream to speed up healing and reduce spread.
Diagnosis
A doctor can usually diagnose impetigo by looking at the sores. They will ask about your symptoms and any recent contact with someone who has it.
Tests that may be done
- Sometimes a swab from a sore is taken and sent to a lab to identify the bacteria, especially if treatment is not working or if there is an outbreak.
What to expect at your appointment
The doctor will examine the sores and may gently swab one. You can go home the same day. Results from the swab take a few days, but treatment can start right away.
Treatment
Treatment aims to clear the infection, relieve symptoms, and prevent spread. Most cases are treated with antibiotics. Good hygiene is important to stop it spreading.
Self-care at home
- Wash the affected area with mild soap and water, and gently remove any crusts.
- Wash your hands thoroughly after touching the sores.
- Keep the sores covered with a loose bandage or clothing.
- Do not share towels, flannels, bed linen, or clothes with others.
- Avoid scratching – keep nails short and clean.
Medical treatments
For mild cases, doctors usually prescribe an antibiotic cream to apply to the sores. For more widespread or stubborn infections, antibiotic tablets or liquid may be given. Always finish the full course as directed by your doctor.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is not used for impetigo.
Living with this condition
While you have impetigo, stay home from school or work until the sores are dry and crusted over, or until 48 hours after starting antibiotic treatment. Keep the area clean and covered.
Lifestyle tips
- Wash hands frequently, especially after touching the sores.
- Use separate towels, bedding, and clothing until the infection clears.
- Avoid contact sports and swimming until fully healed.
Diet and exercise
No special diet is needed. Eating a balanced diet may help your immune system. Gentle exercise is fine if you feel well.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
The sores can be embarrassing, especially for children. Reassure them that impetigo is common and treatable. If you or your child feel upset, talk to a healthcare provider or a counsellor.
Prevention
Good hygiene can reduce the risk. Wash hands often, clean cuts and scrapes promptly, and avoid touching sores on others. If you have impetigo, take care not to spread it.
Complications
If left untreated
- Scarring: Rare, but scratching can leave marks.
- Cellulitis: A deeper skin infection that can spread.
- Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: A rare kidney problem that can occur after some types of impetigo.
Long-term outlook
With treatment, impetigo usually clears up completely within a week or two without leaving scars. Complications are uncommon, especially with early care. Most people recover fully.
Find support
International organisations
Local organisations
- NHS – Impetigo ↗ · United Kingdom
Helplines
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 16, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Guidance may differ by country or region. Confirm local recommendations with a qualified healthcare provider.