Impetigo patient overview
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Impetigo is a common skin infection caused by bacteria. It usually appears as red sores or blisters that burst and form a golden-brown crust. It is very contagious but easy to treat.
Key facts
- Impetigo is most common in children aged 2 to 5 years.
- It spreads through direct contact with sores or contaminated items like towels.
- With proper treatment, impetigo usually clears up within 7 to 10 days.
Yes, impetigo is one of the most common skin infections in children worldwide.
Impetigo mainly affects young children, but it can also occur in older children and adults, especially if they have cuts, insect bites, or other skin injuries.
Symptoms
- Very high fever or chills
- Redness, warmth, or pain that spreads rapidly beyond the sores
- Difficulty breathing or signs of a severe allergic reaction
- ⚠Sores that become larger, more painful, or produce pus
- ⚠No improvement after 2 days of treatment
- ⚠Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, less urine) or confusion
Common symptoms
- Red sores or blisters that quickly burst and ooze fluid
- Honey-colored crusts forming over the sores
- Itching or mild soreness around the sores
Symptoms in children
- Often appear around the nose and mouth
- Can spread to hands, arms, and legs through scratching
- May cause swollen lymph nodes in the neck
Symptoms in older adults
- Sores may take longer to heal
- Higher risk of the infection spreading to deeper layers of skin
Causes
Main causes
- Infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep) or Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
- Bacteria enter through a break in the skin, such as a cut, scratch, or insect bite
Risk factors
- Poor hygiene (not washing hands regularly)
- Warm, humid climate
- Crowded living conditions or close contact with someone who has impetigo
- Participating in contact sports like wrestling
- Having eczema or other skin conditions that cause breaks in the skin
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- Symptoms of a more serious infection (fever, spreading redness, severe pain)
- Sores that do not heal after a few days of home care
- Signs of kidney problems (puffy eyes, bloody urine) – this is rare
Book a routine appointment if:
- Any new skin sores that look like impetigo
- If you have been in contact with someone known to have impetigo and you develop sores
Diagnosis
A doctor can usually diagnose impetigo by looking at the sores. They may ask about your symptoms and recent contacts.
Tests that may be done
- If the infection is severe or keeps coming back, the doctor may take a swab from the sore to identify the bacteria and check for antibiotic resistance.
What to expect at your appointment
The doctor will examine your skin and decide on a treatment plan. If a swab is needed, it is quick and painless.
Treatment
Treatment aims to clear the infection, relieve symptoms, and prevent spreading. It usually involves antibiotics applied to the skin or taken by mouth.
Self-care at home
- Gently wash the sores with mild soap and water 2 to 3 times a day
- Pat dry with a clean towel (do not share towels)
- Keep the sores covered with a non-stick dressing or loose clothing
- Avoid scratching – keep fingernails short and clean
- Wash hands frequently, especially after touching the sores
Medical treatments
A doctor may prescribe an antibiotic cream or ointment to apply to the sores. For widespread or stubborn infections, they may recommend oral antibiotics. It is important to complete the full course of treatment even if the sores look better.
Living with this condition
While you have impetigo, it is important to prevent spreading the infection to others. Stay home from school, daycare, or work until the sores are dry and crusted over (usually 24 to 48 hours after starting treatment). Use separate towels, bedding, and razors.
Lifestyle tips
- Avoid close contact with others, including sharing cups and utensils
- Change bedding and towels daily until sores heal
- Do not touch or scratch the sores
- If you have eczema, keep it well managed to reduce flare-ups
Diet and exercise
There is no special diet for impetigo. Eat a balanced diet to support your immune system. Gentle exercise is fine as long as you avoid activities that cause sweating or friction on the sores.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Impetigo can be embarrassing for children and adults, especially because of the visible sores and need to stay home. Reassurance that it is temporary and treatable can help. For severe anxiety, talk to your doctor.
Prevention
Good hygiene is the best way to prevent impetigo. Wash hands often, clean cuts and scrapes immediately, and avoid sharing personal items like towels and razors.
Complications
If left untreated
- Spread of infection to deeper layers of skin (cellulitis)
- Rarely, the same bacteria can cause kidney inflammation (post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis)
Long-term outlook
The outlook for impetigo is very good. With treatment, most people heal completely within 1 to 2 weeks without lasting problems. Scarring is uncommon if you avoid scratching.
Find support
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 19, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.