Kidney stones prevention living in pregnancy
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form inside your kidneys. During pregnancy, changes in your body can make it more likely for stones to form. Preventing kidney stones in pregnancy involves managing these changes with simple lifestyle steps.
Key facts
- Kidney stones in pregnancy are rare but can cause significant discomfort.
- Staying well-hydrated is the most important step to prevent stones.
- Most kidney stones in pregnancy pass without harming the baby.
Kidney stones occur in about 1 in every 200 to 500 pregnancies. They are more common in the second or third trimester.
Pregnant women, especially those who have had kidney stones before, have a family history of stones, or have certain medical conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes.
Symptoms
- Severe pain that does not go away or is unbearable
- Fever and chills (may indicate infection)
- Inability to pass urine at all
- Severe nausea and vomiting preventing fluid intake
- ⚠Pain that persists for more than a few hours
- ⚠Blood in the urine that you notice
- ⚠Mild fever with back or side pain
Common symptoms
- Sharp pain in the lower back or side, often coming in waves
- Pain that moves to the lower belly or groin
- Nausea or vomiting
- Blood in the urine (pink, red, or brown color)
- Frequent or painful urination
Symptoms in children
- Kidney stones are very rare in children. Symptoms in children may include abdominal pain, vomiting, or blood in urine, but always consult a doctor.
Symptoms in older adults
- In older adults, symptoms may be less typical, such as mild back pain or confusion due to infection. Kidney stones are less common in older adults.
Causes
Main causes
- Concentrated urine due to dehydration
- Diet high in salt, oxalate-rich foods (like spinach, nuts), or low in calcium
- Changes in pregnancy hormones and kidney function that increase calcium in urine
Risk factors
- Personal or family history of kidney stones
- Not drinking enough fluids
- Obesity
- Certain medical conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes
- Urinary tract infections that happen often
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- Severe pain that makes it hard to stand or move
- Fever or chills along with pain
- Vomiting that prevents you from keeping fluids down
- You cannot pass urine
Book a routine appointment if:
- Mild or occasional back pain
- Blood in your urine (even a little)
- You have had kidney stones before and are pregnant
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, check your urine, and may use imaging tests to see if a stone is present. Ultrasound is usually the first choice during pregnancy because it does not use radiation.
Tests that may be done
- Urine test (to check for blood, infection, or signs of stones)
- Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder
- Blood tests (to check kidney function and look for infection)
What to expect at your appointment
The doctor will discuss your symptoms, examine your belly and back, and order the tests. You may be referred to a urologist (kidney specialist) who is experienced with pregnancy. Most tests are safe and do not harm the baby.
Treatment
Treatment for kidney stones in pregnancy focuses on relieving pain, helping the stone pass, and preventing infection. Many stones pass on their own with plenty of fluids and rest.
Self-care at home
- Drink plenty of water – aim for clear or light yellow urine
- Rest and use a warm compress on your back for comfort
- Walk gently, as movement can help small stones pass
- Talk to your doctor about safe pain relief options like paracetamol
Medical treatments
If the stone does not pass or causes severe pain, doctors may prescribe pain relief that is safe during pregnancy. They might also give medications that help relax the ureter (the tube between the kidney and bladder) to help the stone move. These are used only when needed and under close supervision. If there is an infection, antibiotics that are safe in pregnancy will be given.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is rarely needed during pregnancy. It may be considered if the stone is very large, blocks urine flow completely, causes a kidney infection, or if pain cannot be controlled. Common procedures include placing a small tube (stent) to bypass the stone or using a thin scope to remove it (ureteroscopy). These are done by a specialist and are generally safe for the baby.
Living with this condition
If you have a kidney stone during pregnancy, stay close to home, rest when needed, and keep drinking water. Pay attention to your symptoms and call your doctor if they worsen. Most stones pass within a few days to weeks.
Lifestyle tips
- Drink at least 8 to 10 glasses of water each day (more if you are active or in hot weather)
- Limit salt in your diet – avoid processed foods and adding table salt
- Eat a balanced diet with moderate calcium from food (not supplements) – low calcium can actually raise risk
- Avoid high-dose vitamin C supplements, as they can increase stone risk
Diet and exercise
Aim for a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Get calcium from dairy or fortified foods. Moderate exercise like walking is safe and can help with overall health. Avoid high-intensity workouts if you have pain. Always check with your doctor before starting any new exercise during pregnancy.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Dealing with kidney stone pain during pregnancy can be stressful and worrying. It is normal to feel anxious. Talk to your partner, family, or doctor about your feelings. Pacing yourself and getting support can help you cope.
Prevention
Yes, you can reduce your risk of kidney stones in pregnancy by drinking enough water, eating a balanced diet low in salt, and getting the right amount of calcium from food. If you have had stones before, your doctor may give you specific advice tailored to your needs.
Screening programmes
There is no routine screening for kidney stones in pregnancy. However, if you have a history of stones, your doctor may suggest having an ultrasound early in pregnancy to check for any stones already present.
Complications
If left untreated
- Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) which can spread to the blood
- Blockage of urine flow, which may damage the kidney
- Preterm labor or other pregnancy complications
- Severe pain that affects daily life and ability to care for yourself
Long-term outlook
The outlook is very good. Most kidney stones during pregnancy pass without causing serious problems for you or your baby. With proper care and monitoring, you can manage the stone safely. Once the stone passes, your symptoms usually go away completely.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 21, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.