knee pain in pregnancy

Overview

Knee pain in pregnancy is discomfort, aching, or stiffness around one or both knees while carrying a baby. It often develops because of weight gain, changes in posture, and hormones that make joints loosen.

Yes. Many pregnant people notice knee pain, especially in the second and third trimesters.

It can affect anyone who is pregnant, but you might be more likely to have it if you are carrying twins, gained weight quickly, or had knee problems before pregnancy.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• A dull ache or sharp pain around the knee
• Mild swelling or a feeling of fullness in the knee
• Stiffness, especially in the morning or after long periods of sitting
• A clicking or grinding sensation when bending the knee
• The knee feeling unstable or like it might give way

Symptoms in children

• Not applicable – this condition affects pregnant people, not children.

Symptoms in older adults

• Not applicable – pregnancy-related knee pain can happen at any age, though recovery may be slower for older mothers.

Causes

Main causes

• Weight gain during pregnancy adds extra pressure on your knees.
• Hormones like relaxin make ligaments looser, so joints may feel less stable.
• Your posture and centre of gravity change as your baby grows, which can affect how your knees absorb impact.
• Fluid retention can make tissues around the knee swell and feel painful.

Risk factors

• Carrying multiple babies (twins or more)
• Rapid weight gain during pregnancy
• Having had knee pain or a knee injury before pregnancy
• Standing for long hours at work or at home
• Lack of regular physical activity before or during pregnancy

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• Sudden knee swelling that makes your knee look very large and is hot or red
• Knee pain that follows a fall and you cannot stand or put weight on that leg
• Knee pain together with chest pain or difficulty breathing – call your emergency number

Book a routine appointment if:

• Knee pain that does not improve after a few weeks of simple home care
• Swelling that lasts more than two days or gets worse
• Your knee feels unstable, locks, or gives way when you walk

Diagnosis

A doctor or midwife will ask about your symptoms and how far along you are in pregnancy. They will examine your knees as you rest, walk, and bend your legs.

Tests that may be done

• Physical examination – checking for swelling, tenderness, and movement
• Tests for balance and how well you can bear weight
• Sometimes imaging such as ultrasound or MRI if the doctor needs a closer look (these are safe in pregnancy; X-rays are usually avoided)

What to expect at your appointment

You will likely not need any special tests. The doctor may gently press around your knee and ask you to move your leg in different directions. They will explain what is probably causing your pain and give you safe ideas for self-care. If they suspect a blood clot or a more serious injury, they may arrange further checks on the same day.

Treatment

Most knee pain in pregnancy can be managed at home with rest, gentle exercise, and good support. You can also ask your doctor about safe pain relief options during pregnancy – always check with a doctor, midwife, or pharmacist first.

Self-care at home

• Rest your knee when it hurts, but avoid being inactive for long periods.
• Apply an ice pack wrapped in a towel to the knee for 15–20 minutes a few times a day.
• Elevate your knee on a cushion or footstool when sitting.
• Wear supportive shoes with low heels and good grip, not flat unsupportive shoes or high heels.
• Avoid standing without moving for long stretches; change positions often.
• Try gentle exercises like swimming, walking on flat ground, or pregnancy yoga.

Medical treatments

Your doctor or physical therapist may recommend a knee support brace, compression sleeve, or physiotherapy (exercises to strengthen the muscles around your knee). Some types of pain-relief medicines may be considered safe during pregnancy, but you must always ask your healthcare provider before taking any medication – never guess.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery for knee pain is rarely needed during pregnancy. If a serious condition like a torn ligament is found, doctors usually delay surgery until after the baby is born. Only in emergencies would surgery be considered while pregnant.

Living with this condition

Listen to your body and pace yourself. Use a handrail when going up or down stairs, sit down for kitchen tasks when possible, and ask for help with lifting or carrying. Small adjustments can make a big difference to your comfort.

Lifestyle tips

• Keep active in safe ways to strengthen your leg muscles.
• Rest when you feel pain – do not push through severe discomfort.
• Use supportive cushions or a pregnancy pillow to improve sleep.
• Wear supportive footwear at home and outdoors.

Diet and exercise

Eat a balanced diet with calcium and vitamin D from foods like dairy, leafy greens, and fortified cereals – these help keep your bones and joints healthy. For exercise, try low-impact activities such as swimming, water aerobics, stationary cycling, and gentle stretching. Always check with your midwife or doctor before starting any new exercise programme during pregnancy.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Living with persistent pain can be frustrating and tiring. It is normal to feel low or worried. If knee pain is affecting your mood, sleep, or daily life, talk to your midwife or GP. Feeling anxious or upset about pain is common, and you deserve support. If you ever have thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, or you feel you are in crisis, reach out to your local crisis support line or go to your nearest emergency department.

Prevention

You cannot always prevent knee pain in pregnancy, but you can reduce your chances by keeping a healthy activity level before and during pregnancy, avoiding excessive weight gain, wearing supportive shoes, and doing gentle exercises to strengthen your thigh and hip muscles.

Complications

If left untreated

• Chronic (long-lasting) knee pain that continues after pregnancy
• Weakened muscles around the knee, which can lead to instability and falls
• Difficulty doing everyday activities like walking, dressing, or lifting your baby

Long-term outlook

For most people, knee pain in pregnancy improves and disappears after giving birth. Staying active in safe ways, gradually returning to exercise after pregnancy, and maintaining a healthy weight can help your knees recover. Even if pain continues, physiotherapy and supportive care can help you get stronger and feel better.

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