Living with obesity

Overview

Obesity is a medical condition in which extra body fat has built up and can affect your health. It is not just about appearance—your body is carrying more weight than it can easily handle, which can put strain on your heart, joints, and other organs.

Yes. Obesity is very common around the world. The World Health Organization estimates that more than a billion people live with obesity in different countries.

Obesity can affect anyone—children, teenagers, adults, and older people. It can happen to people of any background, but some groups have higher rates because of genetics, income, or environment.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Feeling breathless, especially after light activity
• Tiredness or low energy
• Increased sweating or feeling hot more easily
• Joint or back pain
• Poor sleep, snoring, or feeling sleepy during the day

Symptoms in children

• Lack of confidence or avoiding sport
• Difficulty keeping up with other children
• Unusually large appetite
• Breathlessness during activity

Symptoms in older adults

• Reduced mobility, like difficulty climbing stairs
• Getting breathless with small physical tasks
• Balance problems or falls
• Stiffness and pain in the knees or hips

Causes

Main causes

• Consuming more calories than your body uses over time
• Genetics and family history influencing fat storage
• Hormonal problems, such as an underactive thyroid or polycystic ovary syndrome
• Some medicines that can contribute to weight gain
• Not enough sleep and high levels of stress

Risk factors

• A diet heavy in processed and high-calorie foods
• Little physical activity or a sedentary job
• Getting too little sleep
• Long-term stress or depression
• Having a parent or sibling living with obesity
• Living in an environment where healthy food and exercise are less accessible

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• Make an urgent appointment if you have sudden severe thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, or swelling in your legs.
• If you have diabetes and feel very unwell or can't keep food down, seek medical help same day.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you are concerned about your weight and want a health check
• If you have long-term tiredness, joint pain, or other symptoms that worry you
• If you have conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of heart disease

Diagnosis

A doctor usually starts by measuring your weight and height to calculate your body mass index (BMI). They may also measure your waist and ask about your eating, activity, medical history, and family history. Blood tests can check for conditions linked to obesity, such as diabetes or thyroid problems.

Tests that may be done

• Weight and height measurement (BMI calculation)
• Waist circumference measurement
• Blood pressure check
• Blood tests for blood sugar, cholesterol, or thyroid function
• A discussion of your eating habits and physical activity

What to expect at your appointment

Your appointment is an open conversation, not a lecture. The doctor will listen to your concerns, do some simple checks, and together you can decide what steps make sense for you.

Treatment

Treatment for obesity focuses on improving your overall health, not just the number on the scale. The best approach is usually a combination of eating healthier, moving more, and getting support to make lasting changes. In some cases, medication or surgery is part of the plan.

Self-care at home

• Start with one small goal, like drinking water instead of sugary drinks.
• Add more vegetables and fruits to your meals.
• Walk for 10 minutes a day and gradually increase the time.
• Try to sleep around 7–8 hours a night.
• Keep a simple diary of what you eat and how you feel.

Medical treatments

Prescribed weight-loss medications are available for some people with obesity, but they are only recommended when lifestyle changes alone are not enough. These are always used under medical supervision and should be combined with healthy eating and activity. Your doctor will explain the benefits and risks and will help you decide if this is an option for you.

When is surgery considered?

Weight-loss surgery, also called bariatric surgery, is considered for people with a very high BMI who have not been able to lose weight with other methods. It is a major procedure and only offered after a full assessment by a specialist team.

Living with this condition

Living with obesity is a day-to-day process. Some days will be easier than others, and that's okay. Focus on progress, not perfection. Remind yourself that every healthy choice is a step forward, no matter how small.

Lifestyle tips

• Plan your meals ahead when possible.
• Keep healthy snacks like fruit or nuts on hand.
• Use an exercise tracker or pedometer to stay motivated.
• Ask a friend or family member to join you for walks.
• Look for local weight management programmes or support groups.

Diet and exercise

For diet, choose a balanced plate with vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Limit sugary drinks, fried foods, and eating in front of the screen. For exercise, try to build up to at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days. Choose activities you enjoy, like dancing, swimming, or walking. Talk to your doctor before starting a new exercise routine.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Obesity can affect your self-esteem and mood. You may feel pressure from others or feel low about how your body feels. Please remember that your feelings are valid, and you deserve support. If you are experiencing anxiety or depression, talk to your doctor—they can point you toward counseling or other mental health services.

Prevention

Obesity can sometimes be prevented or delayed, but not always—because genetics and medical conditions play a role. However, building a healthy lifestyle helps manage weight, reduce health risks, and improve energy. Even if you have a genetic tendency, a balanced diet and regular activity can make a real difference.

Screening programmes

Regular health check-ups may include weight and BMI measurements. You can also ask your doctor about checking your blood pressure and blood sugar, especially if you have a family history of diabetes or heart disease.

Complications

If left untreated

• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure and heart disease
• Sleep apnea (when your breathing pauses during sleep)
• Joint problems like osteoarthritis
• Mental health issues such as depression and low self-esteem
• Higher risk of some cancers

Long-term outlook

The outlook for people living with obesity is far more hopeful than many fear. Even modest weight loss can improve blood pressure, blood sugar, and energy levels. With the right medical support, healthy habits, and kindness towards yourself, you can improve your health and live a full, active life.

Find support

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