Osteoarthritis hip

Overview

Osteoarthritis of the hip is a condition where the smooth cartilage that cushions the hip joint wears down over time, causing pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving.

Yes, it is very common, especially as people age.

It most often affects people over 50, but can also occur in younger people due to injury or other conditions.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Pain in the hip, groin, or thigh
• Stiffness, especially in the morning or after sitting
• Reduced range of motion in the hip
• A grating or grinding sensation when moving the hip

Symptoms in children

• Osteoarthritis is rare in children; pain in the hip in children is more often due to other conditions like developmental dysplasia or infection.

Symptoms in older adults

• Same as common symptoms
• Difficulty walking or a noticeable limp
• Needing help with daily activities like getting out of a chair or climbing stairs

Causes

Main causes

• Aging and natural wear and tear of the joint
• Previous injury to the hip, such as a fracture or dislocation
• Genetics – some people inherit a tendency to develop osteoarthritis

Risk factors

• Obesity – extra weight puts more stress on the hip joint
• Repetitive stress on the joint from certain jobs or sports
• Family history of osteoarthritis

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have sudden severe hip pain with swelling, redness, or fever
• If you cannot put any weight on your hip after an injury

Book a routine appointment if:

• If hip pain lasts more than a few days and affects your daily activities
• If stiffness in the morning lasts longer than 30 minutes

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, examine your hip, and may order imaging tests to look at the joint.

Tests that may be done

• X-ray – shows the space between bones and any bone spurs
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) – gives a detailed view of cartilage and soft tissues, if needed

What to expect at your appointment

The doctor will check how far you can move your hip and may press on different areas to find tender spots. They will also ask about your medical history and daily activities.

Treatment

Treatment for hip osteoarthritis focuses on relieving pain and improving your ability to move and do daily activities. It often starts with simple self-care steps and can progress to other options if needed.

Self-care at home

• Gentle exercise like walking, swimming, or cycling
• Applying heat or cold packs to the hip
• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress on the joint
• Using a cane, walker, or other assistive device for support

Medical treatments

Your doctor may suggest non-prescription pain relievers (such as acetaminophen or topical creams) or refer you to physical therapy to strengthen muscles around the hip. For more severe pain, prescription medications or joint injections may be options. Always discuss the risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.

When is surgery considered?

If pain and stiffness do not improve with other treatments, hip replacement surgery may be considered. This is a common and often very successful operation for advanced osteoarthritis.

Living with this condition

Plan your activities to include rest periods. Use handrails and sit when you can. A cane or walker can help you stay mobile and reduce pain.

Lifestyle tips

• Stay active with low-impact activities like swimming, cycling, or tai chi
• Avoid high-impact activities that jar the joints, such as running or jumping
• Wear comfortable, supportive shoes

Diet and exercise

A balanced diet with plenty of calcium and vitamin D supports bone health. Gentle stretching exercises improve flexibility, and strengthening exercises for the hips and legs help support the joint.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Living with chronic pain can be stressful and may lead to anxiety or depression. It is important to talk to your doctor or a mental health professional if you feel down or worried. Remember, your mental health matters. If you are in crisis, please contact a crisis support line or your local emergency services.

Prevention

You cannot always prevent osteoarthritis, but you can lower your risk by maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and avoiding injuries to your joints.

Complications

If left untreated

• Chronic pain that limits daily activities
• Reduced mobility and loss of muscle strength
• Difficulty with tasks like walking, climbing stairs, or getting out of a chair

Long-term outlook

With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, most people with hip osteoarthritis can manage their symptoms and continue to lead active, fulfilling lives. Treatments continue to improve, and many people get significant relief.

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