PCOS living day to day in adults

Overview

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition that affects how a woman's ovaries work. It can cause irregular periods, extra hair growth, and difficulty getting pregnant. It is a long-term condition that can be managed with lifestyle changes and medical care.

Yes, PCOS is one of the most common hormonal conditions in women of reproductive age.

PCOS mainly affects women and people assigned female at birth, usually starting in their teenage years or early 20s.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Irregular or no periods
• Excess hair on the face, chest, or back (hirsutism)
• Acne or oily skin
• Thinning hair or hair loss from the scalp
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Difficulty getting pregnant (infertility)

Symptoms in children

• PCOS usually appears after puberty. In teenagers, common symptoms include irregular periods, acne, and excess hair growth.

Symptoms in older adults

• As women with PCOS get older, some symptoms like irregular periods may improve, but they may have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Management continues to be important.

Causes

Main causes

• The exact cause of PCOS is not known, but it is linked to genetic factors and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance means your body doesn't use insulin well, leading to high insulin levels which can increase hormone production.

Risk factors

• Having a family history of PCOS
• Being overweight or obese
• Having insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have sudden, severe pain in your pelvis or lower belly
• If you experience heavy vaginal bleeding that is not stopping

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have irregular periods that bother you
• If you are trying to get pregnant and having trouble
• If you notice unwanted hair growth or worsening acne
• If you have concerns about your weight or other symptoms

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. They may do a physical exam and order tests to rule out other conditions.

Tests that may be done

• Blood tests to check hormone levels, glucose, and cholesterol
• An ultrasound scan of your ovaries to check for cysts and the lining of your uterus

What to expect at your appointment

Diagnosis usually involves meeting two of three criteria: irregular periods, signs of high androgen (male hormone) levels (like excess hair or acne), and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. You may need to see a specialist.

Treatment

Treatment for PCOS focuses on managing your symptoms and reducing your risk of long-term health problems like diabetes and heart disease. Your care plan will depend on your goals — for example, regulating periods, improving fertility, or managing weight.

Self-care at home

• Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Getting regular physical activity — aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week
• Maintaining a healthy weight — even losing 5% of body weight can improve symptoms
• Getting enough sleep and managing stress

Medical treatments

There are various medical treatments available. These may include hormonal contraceptives to regulate periods and reduce acne or excess hair, anti-androgen medications to reduce male hormone effects, and medications to improve insulin sensitivity and help with ovulation. Your doctor will discuss the options that are right for you. Always follow your doctor's advice.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is rarely used for PCOS. In some cases, a procedure called ovarian drilling may be considered to help with ovulation, but it is not common.

Living with this condition

Living with PCOS means managing your symptoms day by day. It can be frustrating, but small steps like eating well, staying active, and taking your medications as prescribed can make a big difference. It's also important to keep up with regular check-ups to monitor your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol.

Lifestyle tips

• Plan meals with a focus on whole foods and limit sugary drinks and snacks
• Incorporate movement you enjoy — walking, dancing, swimming, or yoga
• Track your periods to notice any changes
• Practice stress relief techniques like deep breathing or meditation

Diet and exercise

A balanced diet and regular exercise are key for managing PCOS. Eating more fibre, lean protein, and healthy fats can help balance blood sugar. Aim for 30 minutes of moderate activity most days. Even small changes can improve insulin sensitivity and hormone balance.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

PCOS can affect your mental health. Many women experience anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem due to symptoms like unwanted hair, acne, or infertility. It's important to talk to your doctor or a counsellor if you are struggling. You are not alone, and support is available.

Prevention

There is no way to prevent PCOS, but early diagnosis and management can help prevent complications.

Complications

If left untreated

• Higher risk of type 2 diabetes
• Higher risk of high blood pressure and heart disease
• Potential for uterine lining problems and cancer if periods are very infrequent
• Difficulty getting pregnant

Long-term outlook

With proper care, most women with PCOS can manage their symptoms and reduce their risk of long-term health problems. Many go on to have successful pregnancies. PCOS is a lifelong condition, but with a healthy lifestyle and medical support, you can live well.

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