period with fever

Overview

Having a fever during your period means your body temperature rises above the normal range while you are menstruating. Your body's temperature naturally changes slightly during your menstrual cycle, but a true fever (100.4°F or 38°C or higher) can also be a sign of an infection or another health problem.

Many people notice slight temperature changes around their period. However, a true fever — a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher — is not typical and should be looked into.

Anyone who has periods can develop a fever. It can happen at any age after your periods start, and it is not limited to people who use tampons or cups.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Low-grade temperature (99–100°F / 37.2–37.8°C)
• Headache or body aches
• Feeling more tired than usual
• Chills or feeling too warm
• Menstrual cramps

Symptoms in children

• For young people who have started their periods, a fever may be accompanied by vomiting, rash, or severe abdominal pain. If this happens, call a doctor promptly.

Symptoms in older adults

• In older adults, a fever can feel more dangerous because the immune system may be weaker. If you have vaginal bleeding after months or years without a period, plus a fever, get medical help right away.

Causes

Main causes

• Natural hormone changes can slightly raise your temperature before and during your period.
• An unrelated infection, such as a cold, flu, or stomach bug, can cause a fever while you happen to be menstruating.
• A pelvic infection (for example, pelvic inflammatory disease) can cause fever and pelvic pain.
• Infection of the womb (endometritis) or around the womb can cause fever, especially after childbirth or a procedure.
• Toxic shock syndrome – a rare but very serious illness – can happen if tampons or menstrual cups are left in too long.

Risk factors

• Leaving tampons or menstrual cups in for longer than the recommended time
• Recent gynaecological surgery or procedure
• A sexually transmitted infection in the past
• Taking medications that weaken the immune system
• Using internal menstrual products without washing your hands first

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• Fever above 103°F (39.4°C)
• Severe pain or heavy bleeding
• Rash, confusion, or trouble breathing
• Signs of toxic shock syndrome: sudden high fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, dizziness and a sunburn-like rash

Book a routine appointment if:

• Fever that lasts more than two days
• Mild pelvic discomfort that does not go away
• Unusual discharge or smell
• Period after a long break (if you are older) and you are unwell

Diagnosis

A doctor will ask about your symptoms, your menstrual cycle, any sexual health history, and what products you use. They may ask about your temperature and any other signs. They may also do a physical or pelvic exam.

Tests that may be done

• Blood tests to check for infection
• Urine test
• A swab from the lower vagina or cervix
• Ultrasound scan of your pelvis
• Blood cultures for severe fever

What to expect at your appointment

Most tests are quick. A pelvic exam may feel a little uncomfortable but should not hurt. You may feel a bit emotional talking about these topics, but doctors deal with them regularly and will treat you respectfully.

Treatment

Treatment depends on what is causing the fever. If it is a viral illness, rest and fluids are usually all you need. If bacteria are causing the infection, your doctor will most likely prescribe antibiotics. Severe complications, such as toxic shock syndrome, need hospital care.

Self-care at home

• Get plenty of rest
• Drink enough fluids
• Use a cool damp cloth on your forehead
• Choose pads rather than tampons or cups until the fever goes
• Avoid sexual activity until you feel better

Medical treatments

Doctors may treat bacterial infections with antibiotics taken by mouth or, for severe infections, given through a drip in hospital. They may also recommend over-the-counter pain relief for fever and cramps. Always check with a pharmacist or doctor before taking any medicine, especially if you have other health conditions.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is rarely needed. In unusual cases, an abscess — a pocket of pus — in the pelvic area may need to be drained by a small procedure, but this is not common.

Living with this condition

While you have a fever, change sanitary pads regularly and keep good hand hygiene. Track your temperature twice a day and note any new symptoms. Call your doctor if things get worse or do not improve.

Lifestyle tips

• Use period pads instead of internal products during a fever
• Change menstrual products frequently and wash hands before and after
• Wear loose, comfortable clothing
• Let your body rest – do not rush back to intense activity

Diet and exercise

Eat light meals that are easy to digest, such as soups, toast, or fruit. Drink plenty of water and clear fluids. Gentle walking is fine if you feel up to it, but skip heavy exercise until your temperature returns to normal.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Feeling unwell during your period can make you feel anxious, low, or frustrated. These feelings are normal and usually pass once you feel better. It may help to talk to someone you trust or consult a mental health professional if you feel overwhelmed.

Prevention

You cannot always prevent a fever during your period, but you can reduce the risk of infections by changing tampons or menstrual cups regularly, washing hands before inserting them, and choosing pads if you have sensitive skin or repeated infections.

Vaccines

Vaccines can protect you against some infections that cause fever, such as flu or COVID-19. Ask your doctor or pharmacist what is recommended for you.

Screening programmes

If you are sexually active, having regular sexual health check-ups can help catch infections early. Regular gynaecological check-ups are also a good idea, especially if you notice changes.

Complications

If left untreated

• Pelvic infection can spread and cause damage to the fallopian tubes
• Chronic pelvic pain
• Increased risk of infertility
• In rare cases, infection can enter the bloodstream (sepsis) or cause toxic shock syndrome

Long-term outlook

Most causes of a fever during your period are treated quickly and effectively. With early care, you can expect to feel better within a week. Taking action early gives the best chance of a full and smooth recovery.

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