Pharyngitis in older adults

Overview

Pharyngitis is a sore, inflamed throat. It happens when the back of your throat (the pharynx) becomes swollen and painful. It is often caused by infections, usually viruses but sometimes bacteria.

Yes, pharyngitis is common in older adults, though they may experience it less often than younger people.

Older adults, especially those over 65, can get pharyngitis. Those with weakened immune systems or chronic health conditions are at higher risk.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Sore throat
• Pain when swallowing
• Red and swollen tonsils
• Fever
• Headache

Symptoms in children

• Fever
• Refusal to eat
• Drooling
• Irritability

Symptoms in older adults

• Milder sore throat than younger people
• Feeling very tired
• Hoarse voice or dry cough
• Low fever or no fever
• Confusion or sudden change in behaviour (sometimes the only sign)

Causes

Main causes

• Most cases are caused by viruses, like the common cold or flu.
• Sometimes bacteria, such as streptococcus (strep throat), cause it.
• Other causes include dry air, allergies, or irritants like smoke.

Risk factors

• Being over 65
• Having a weakened immune system (from illness or medicines)
• Living in a care home
• Having chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have trouble breathing
• Cannot swallow your own saliva
• Have a muffled voice
• Feel very confused

Book a routine appointment if:

• If your sore throat lasts more than a few days
• You have fever that does not go away
• You are unable to eat or drink

Diagnosis

A doctor will ask about your symptoms and examine your throat. They may look for redness, swelling, or white patches.

Tests that may be done

• The doctor may take a swab from the back of your throat to check for bacteria (strep test).
• Sometimes they do a blood test to look for signs of infection or complications.

What to expect at your appointment

The examination is quick and painless. The swab may feel a little uncomfortable for a moment. Results from a rapid test can come in minutes; a full culture takes a day or two.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause. Viral infections do not need antibiotics; they get better on their own. Bacterial infections may need treatment with antibiotics. Your doctor will advise the best approach.

Self-care at home

• Rest
• Drink plenty of fluids (warm tea, water)
• Eat soft foods if swallowing hurts
• Use honey in warm water (not for infants under 1 year)
• Gargle with warm salt water
• Use a humidifier to moisten the air

Medical treatments

For bacterial pharyngitis, a doctor may prescribe a course of antibiotics. It is important to take the full course as directed, even if you feel better. For pain relief, your doctor or pharmacist can recommend over-the-counter options like paracetamol or ibuprofen, but always check with a doctor first because of other health conditions or medicines you take. Do not use aspirin in children or teenagers. For older adults, some pain medications may not be safe. Your doctor will choose the safest option.

When is surgery considered?

Very rarely, if an abscess (a collection of pus) forms in the throat, surgery may be needed to drain it. This is not common.

Living with this condition

While you recover, take it easy. Avoid smoking and second-hand smoke. Stay hydrated. Keep warm and comfortable.

Lifestyle tips

• Get plenty of rest.
• Wash your hands often to avoid spreading the infection.
• Avoid sharing cups or utensils.
• Use a humidifier to keep the air moist.

Diet and exercise

Eat soft, cool foods like yoghurt, pudding, or soup. Avoid spicy or acidic foods. Drink warm liquids. You can resume gentle exercise when you feel better, but avoid strenuous activity while you are ill.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Being ill can make you feel sad or worried, especially if you live alone. It is normal to feel a bit down. Talk to a friend or family member if you need support.

Prevention

You cannot always prevent pharyngitis, but you can reduce your risk. Avoid close contact with people who are sick. Wash your hands regularly. Do not share personal items. Stay up to date with vaccines.

Vaccines

Getting the flu vaccine every year and the pneumonia vaccine as recommended by your doctor can help prevent some infections that cause pharyngitis. Ask your doctor about vaccines that are right for you.

Screening programmes

There is no routine screening for pharyngitis. If you have symptoms, see your doctor for evaluation.

Complications

If left untreated

• An abscess (collection of pus) near the tonsils (peritonsillar abscess) that may need drainage.
• Rheumatic fever (a rare complication from untreated strep throat) that can damage the heart.
• Spread of infection to the ears, sinuses, or lungs.

Long-term outlook

Most cases of pharyngitis in older adults get better with simple home care or appropriate treatment. Serious complications are rare, especially when you see a doctor early. With proper care, you can recover fully.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.