Psoriasis in teenagers

Overview

Psoriasis is a skin condition that makes skin cells grow too quickly, causing thick, red, scaly patches. It is not contagious, and it can appear during the teenage years. It happens because the immune system is overactive.

Psoriasis affects about 2 out of every 100 people. Many people first notice it between the ages of 15 and 35, so it is not unusual for teenagers to develop it.

Psoriasis can start at any age, but it often first appears in the teenage years or early adulthood. Both boys and girls can get it.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Thick, red patches of skin covered with silvery scales (called plaques)
• Itching or burning feeling on affected skin
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Thickened, pitted, or ridged fingernails and toenails

Symptoms in children

• Smaller, drop-like red spots (guttate psoriasis) often after a strep throat infection
• Fine scaling rather than thick plaques
• Patches often on the chest, back, arms, or legs

Symptoms in older adults

• Psoriasis in teenagers is less about older adults; symptoms are generally similar but may be less common in very elderly.

Causes

Main causes

• Overactive immune system that mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells
• Genetic changes – psoriasis often runs in families
• Triggers such as stress, skin injuries, infections (especially strep throat), cold weather, certain medications, or smoking

Risk factors

• Having a close family member with psoriasis
• Being overweight or obese
• Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
• High stress levels

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have a rash that covers a large area and is very painful
• If you have joint pain, swelling, or stiffness that lasts more than a few days
• If you develop a fever or signs of skin infection

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you notice any persistent red, scaly patches on your skin
• If you have changes in your nails that do not improve
• If your symptoms bother you or affect your confidence

Diagnosis

A doctor or dermatologist (skin specialist) will examine your skin, nails, and scalp. They will ask about your symptoms, family history, and any triggers you have noticed.

Tests that may be done

• In most cases, no tests are needed – just a physical exam.
• Sometimes the doctor may take a small sample of skin (a biopsy) to look at under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.

What to expect at your appointment

The doctor will look at the affected skin and may ask about recent infections, stress, or other health problems. The appointment usually takes about 15–30 minutes.

Treatment

There is no cure for psoriasis, but many treatments can help control symptoms, reduce plaques, and prevent flare-ups. Treatment depends on how severe the psoriasis is and how it affects your life.

Self-care at home

• Moisturise your skin every day with fragrance-free creams or ointments
• Avoid scratching – gentle care helps prevent bleeding and infection
• Identify and avoid your personal triggers, like stress or certain foods
• Take short, warm baths with mild soap or bath oil
• Use over-the-counter creams containing ingredients like coal tar or salicylic acid (check with a pharmacist first)

Medical treatments

Doctors may prescribe topical treatments (creams, ointments, or lotions) to apply to the skin. For moderate to severe psoriasis, phototherapy (using ultraviolet light) or systemic medications taken by mouth or injection may be recommended. These treatments help reduce inflammation and slow skin cell growth. A specialist will choose the best option for you.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is not a treatment for psoriasis itself. However, if psoriatic arthritis causes severe joint damage, joint replacement surgery may be considered in rare cases.

Living with this condition

Living with psoriasis means taking care of your skin daily and managing flare-ups when they happen. Having a routine – like moisturising every day, using treatments as prescribed, and keeping stress under control – can make a big difference.

Lifestyle tips

• Manage stress with exercise, hobbies, talking to friends, or relaxation techniques
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
• Get enough sleep to support your immune system
• Protect your skin from cuts, scrapes, and sunburn

Diet and exercise

A healthy, balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may help reduce inflammation. Regular exercise can lower stress and help maintain a healthy weight, which may improve symptoms.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Psoriasis can affect how you feel about your appearance and may cause anxiety or low mood. It is important to talk to someone you trust – a parent, friend, or doctor. If you feel very sad or overwhelmed, reach out for mental health support. In a crisis, call a helpline or your local emergency number.

Prevention

Psoriasis cannot be prevented, but you may be able to reduce the number of flare-ups by avoiding known triggers such as stress, skin injuries, and infections.

Vaccines

There is no vaccine for psoriasis. It is important to stay up to date with routine vaccinations to prevent infections that could trigger a flare.

Screening programmes

There is no routine screening for psoriasis. If you have a family history, watch for early signs and talk to a doctor if you notice any.

Complications

If left untreated

• Psoriatic arthritis – joint pain, swelling, and stiffness that can lead to permanent damage
• Skin infections from scratching or cracks in the skin
• Emotional difficulties such as low self-esteem, anxiety, or depression

Long-term outlook

With proper care and treatment, most teenagers with psoriasis can manage their symptoms well and lead an active, full life. Psoriasis may come and go, but many people find a routine that works for them. You are not alone – help is available, and things can get better.

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