varicose veins follow up care

Overview

Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that appear close to the skin's surface, usually in the legs. They happen when the one-way valves inside veins weaken, so blood pools instead of flowing back to the heart.

Yes, varicose veins are very common. About one in three adults may develop them at some point.

They can affect anyone, but they become more likely with age, pregnancy, and standing for long periods. Women are affected more often than men.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Bulging, twisted veins on the legs
• Heavy, achy, or tired legs
• Swelling around the ankles
• Itching or burning over a vein
• Night cramps in the legs

Symptoms in children

• Varicose veins are very uncommon in children. If you notice swollen veins on your child's legs, it's important to have them checked by a doctor.

Symptoms in older adults

• Aching and heaviness in the legs after standing
• Swelling around the ankles that worsens during the day
• Skin changes like dryness, thinning, or discoloration near the ankle

Causes

Main causes

• Weak or damaged valves in the leg veins
• Increased pressure in the leg veins from standing or sitting for long periods
• Pregnancy hormones and increased blood volume
• Age-related wear and tear of vein walls

Risk factors

• Being overweight or obese
• Having a family history of varicose veins
• Being female, especially with multiple pregnancies
• Sitting or standing for long stretches
• Lack of exercise
• Older age

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have sudden leg swelling, pain, or warmth
• If you have bleeding from a varicose vein that is hard to stop
• If you develop a sore or skin ulcer on your leg

Book a routine appointment if:

• If your varicose veins cause persistent aching or heaviness
• If you notice skin changes or discoloration around your ankles
• If you're considering treatment and want to discuss options

Diagnosis

A doctor will usually diagnose varicose veins by looking at your legs and asking about your symptoms. They may feel the veins and check your circulation.

Tests that may be done

• A venous Doppler ultrasound – this uses sound waves to see how blood flows in your veins and whether the valves are working
• Sometimes a standing exam, where the doctor checks your legs as you stand

What to expect at your appointment

The diagnosis is usually simple and painless. Your doctor will ask about your medical history, examine your legs, and may arrange an ultrasound. No special preparation is usually needed.

Treatment

Treatment for varicose veins depends on your symptoms, the size of the veins, and your overall health. Many people manage with self-care, while others benefit from medical procedures.

Self-care at home

• Keep your legs raised (above your heart) when resting for 15–30 minutes a few times a day
• Wear compression stockings if your doctor recommends them
• Take regular walks to keep blood moving
• Move and stretch your legs every hour if you sit or stand for long periods
• Cool your legs with cold water or a cool cloth to ease aching

Medical treatments

If self-care isn't enough, a specialist may offer treatments such as laser therapy, radiofrequency sealing, injection therapy (sclerotherapy), or endovenous procedures. These aim to close or remove the affected vein so blood flows through healthier veins instead. The choice depends on your situation, and your doctor will explain what's available and appropriate for you.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery may be considered for larger varicose veins or when other treatments haven't helped. The operation involves removing or tying off the affected vein. Your doctor will discuss the benefits and risks.

Living with this condition

You can live well with varicose veins by keeping your legs moving and elevated, wearing comfortable shoes, and following your treatment plan. Regular check-ups help monitor any changes.

Lifestyle tips

• Set a routine to walk or exercise daily
• Take breaks from sitting or standing — try to change position every 30 minutes
• Wear compression stockings if prescribed
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on your legs
• Prop your legs up on a stool or cushion when you can

Diet and exercise

Eating a fibre-rich diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables helps prevent constipation, which can add pressure on your veins. Regular exercise like walking, swimming, or cycling improves circulation and keeps the calf muscles pumping blood upward.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Living with visible varicose veins can affect how you feel about your legs. Some people feel self-conscious or anxious, especially if they are planning treatment. Talking to your doctor or a counsellor can help. Remember, varicose veins are a medical condition — not something to be embarrassed about.

Prevention

You can't always prevent varicose veins, but you can lower your risk by staying active, managing your weight, and avoiding long periods of standing or sitting. If you already have them, these steps can stop them getting worse.

Vaccines

No vaccine is available for varicose veins.

Screening programmes

There is no routine screening test for varicose veins. Your doctor can check your veins during an appointment if you have concerns.

Complications

If left untreated

• Swelling that becomes constant
• Skin changes like hardening, discoloration, or eczema
• Open sores (ulcers) that are slow to heal
• Bleeding from a varicose vein
• Superficial blood clots (thrombophlebitis) — a tender, red, hard vein

Long-term outlook

With good self-care and regular follow-up, most people with varicose veins stay comfortable and avoid complications. Modern treatments are very effective and have short recovery times. Even if your veins don't disappear completely, symptoms can usually be well controlled.

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