varicose veins in older adults

Overview

Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that appear just under the skin, usually on the legs. They happen when the one-way valves inside veins become weak, allowing blood to flow backward and pool in the vein.

Yes. About one in three adults will develop varicose veins at some point. They become more common with age.

Anyone can get varicose veins, but they are more common in older adults, women, people who stand or sit for long periods, and those with a family history.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Aching, heavy, or tired legs
• Swelling in the lower legs and ankles
• Itching or burning around the vein(s)

Symptoms in children

• Varicose veins are rare in children. If a child has swollen veins, it may be a different condition and should be checked by a qualified healthcare provider.

Symptoms in older adults

• Skin changes around the ankle, such as dryness, thinning, or darkening of the skin
• Leg swelling that gets worse as the day goes on
• Open sores (ulcers) near the ankle in more severe cases

Causes

Main causes

• Weak or damaged valves inside the veins
• Aging – veins naturally lose some stretchiness over time
• Long periods of standing or sitting that make it harder for blood to flow upward

Risk factors

• Getting older
• Being female
• Having close family members with varicose veins
• Carrying extra weight
• Pregnancy or having children
• Jobs that require long periods of standing

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have signs of a blood clot – a swollen, red, warm, or painful leg – seek medical help the same day.
• If a varicose vein starts bleeding and doesn't stop with gentle pressure, go to urgent care or call your local emergency number.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If your legs ache, feel heavy, or swell and it bothers you, make a routine appointment.
• If you notice skin changes or sores near your ankles, tell your healthcare provider.

Diagnosis

A doctor or nurse can usually diagnose varicose veins by looking at your legs and asking about your symptoms. They may feel your veins and check for swelling or skin changes.

Tests that may be done

• A duplex ultrasound – a painless scan that uses sound waves to look at blood flow in the veins and check how the valves are working.

What to expect at your appointment

The diagnosis is usually simple and can be done in an office visit. If you have symptoms that worry you, you may be referred to a vascular specialist for a more detailed assessment.

Treatment

Varicose veins do not always need treatment. If symptoms bother you, there are several options, from self-care to procedures done in a clinic.

Self-care at home

• Keep moving – walk and take breaks from sitting or standing.
• Put your feet up when resting, ideally above hip level.
• Wear compression stockings if recommended by your doctor or pharmacist – they help push blood upward.
• Moisturise your legs to keep skin healthy.

Medical treatments

If self-care is not enough, a specialist may offer treatments such as endovenous thermal ablation (using heat to close the vein), sclerotherapy (injecting a solution to make the vein collapse), or foam sclerotherapy. These are minimally invasive procedures. Surgery is used less often today but may be needed in some cases. Your doctor will explain which approach might be suitable for you.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is usually reserved for very large veins or when other treatments haven't helped. Newer procedures are generally preferred because they have a quicker recovery.

Living with this condition

You can live comfortably with varicose veins by staying active, avoiding long periods of standing, and taking short walks to keep blood moving.

Lifestyle tips

• Wear comfortable, non-tight clothing.
• Avoid high heels for long periods – flat or low shoes help your calf muscles pump blood better.
• Raise your legs when you sit or lie down.
• If you stand a lot, shift your weight and take regular steps.

Diet and exercise

A balanced diet rich in fibre and low in salt can help prevent constipation and reduce fluid retention. Regular walking or swimming are excellent low-impact exercises that encourage blood flow.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Varicose veins can affect how you feel about your appearance, and some people feel self-conscious. It's okay to have these feelings. Talking to your doctor about treatment options may help you feel more in control.

Prevention

You can't always prevent varicose veins, especially if they run in your family. But staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, and moving regularly can reduce your risk and keep symptoms from getting worse.

Vaccines

There is no vaccine that prevents varicose veins.

Screening programmes

There is no routine screening test for varicose veins. However, during a regular check-up, your doctor may examine your legs and discuss any vein concerns.

Complications

If left untreated

• Skin changes like dryness, darkening, or hardening of the skin
• Swelling that becomes constant
• Varicose eczema – a scaly, itchy rash
• Leg ulcers – open sores that are slow to heal
• Superficial thrombophlebitis – a blood clot in a vein just under the skin
• Bleeding – rarely, a vein can bleed due to trauma or high pressure

Long-term outlook

For most people, varicose veins are a cosmetic and comfort issue, not a serious health threat. With good self-care and simple treatments, symptoms usually improve. Serious complications are rare, and you can take steps to protect your legs as you get older.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.