Varicose veins living in children

Overview

Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the skin. They usually happen in the legs. In children, varicose veins are very rare. When they do appear, they are often linked to another health condition, such as problems with the valves in the veins or an injury.

No, varicose veins are not common in children. They occur mainly in adults, especially women and people over 50.

Varicose veins in children can affect both boys and girls. It may be more likely if there is a family history of vein problems or if the child has a condition that affects the veins, such as a weak vein wall or a problem with the valves.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Swollen, twisted veins visible under the skin, often on the legs
• Aching or heavy feeling in the legs

Symptoms in children

• Visible veins that may be painless or cause mild discomfort
• Sometimes redness or swelling around the vein
• In rare cases, the skin over the vein becomes itchy or irritated

Symptoms in older adults

• Prominent bulging veins
• Leg pain, throbbing, or cramping
• Swelling in the ankles and feet
• Heaviness or tiredness in the legs
• Changes in skin color or texture around the ankles

Causes

Main causes

• Weak or damaged valves in the veins that allow blood to pool instead of flowing back to the heart
• In children, the cause is often another condition, such as a congenital (present at birth) vein problem or a past injury to the leg

Risk factors

• Family history of varicose veins or vein problems
• Conditions that increase pressure in the veins, such as being overweight or standing for long periods (less common in children)
• Rarely, a blood clot or tumor pressing on the vein

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• The child has sudden severe leg pain, swelling, or redness
• A varicose vein breaks open and won't stop bleeding
• The skin around the vein becomes red, hot, and painful

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you notice any visible bulging veins on your child's legs
• If the child complains of leg discomfort or achiness that doesn't go away
• If there is a family history of vein problems and you're concerned

Diagnosis

A doctor will examine your child's legs and ask about symptoms and family history. They may also do an ultrasound test to look at the veins and check how blood is flowing.

Tests that may be done

• Physical exam: The doctor looks at and feels the veins while the child is standing and lying down.
• Ultrasound: A painless test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the veins. It shows if the valves are working properly and if there are any blockages.

What to expect at your appointment

The doctor will explain what the ultrasound shows and whether any treatment is needed. For most children, no treatment beyond regular monitoring and healthy habits is required. The doctor may refer your child to a vein specialist (a vascular surgeon) if needed.

Treatment

Treatment for varicose veins in children depends on the cause and whether the child has symptoms. Because these veins are uncommon in children, treatment is usually conservative, meaning it focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing problems. Only rarely is surgery needed.

Self-care at home

• Encourage your child to be active and move their legs regularly
• When resting, prop the child's legs up on a pillow above hip level to help blood flow back to the heart
• Make sure your child stays hydrated and eats a balanced diet with plenty of fiber to prevent constipation
• If the doctor suggests it, have the child wear compression stockings (special tight socks or leggings). These are usually only for older children and must be fitted by a professional.

Medical treatments

If symptoms are bothersome, the doctor may recommend non-surgical treatments such as laser therapy (using light to close the vein) or sclerotherapy (injecting a solution into the vein to make it shrink). These are done in the doctor's office and are generally safe, but are rarely used in children. The doctor will decide what is best based on your child's age and overall health.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is rarely needed in children. It may be considered if the varicose veins cause severe pain, skin ulcers, or bleeding that does not respond to other treatments. A vascular surgeon would discuss the options.

Living with this condition

Most children with varicose veins can live normally without any problems. They can play, go to school, and do all regular activities. If the veins cause some discomfort, simple measures like taking breaks from standing and elevating the legs can help.

Lifestyle tips

• Encourage regular physical activity, like walking, swimming, or biking, to improve circulation
• Avoid tight clothing that restricts blood flow in the legs
• Help your child maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the veins
• Teach your child to avoid crossing their legs while sitting, as it can slow blood flow

Diet and exercise

A healthy diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains helps maintain a healthy weight and supports good circulation. Exercise is very important — even 30 minutes of moderate activity most days can make a difference. In children, play and sports naturally provide this.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Having visible varicose veins may make some children feel self-conscious, especially if they are in on the legs and show when wearing shorts. It's important to talk to your child about how they feel and reassure them that these veins are not their fault and are usually not harmful. If you notice your child is upset or withdrawn, consider speaking with a school counsellor or your doctor.

Prevention

Because varicose veins in children are often linked to a specific cause, they may not be preventable. However, encouraging a healthy lifestyle — including regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight — may reduce the risk of developing vein problems later in life.

Complications

If left untreated

• Rarely, blood clots can form in a varicose vein, causing pain and swelling (superficial thrombophlebitis)
• Skin may become thin and break open, leading to an ulcer (open sore)
• Bleeding from a varicose vein if it is injured

Long-term outlook

For most children, varicose veins are not a serious problem and often do not cause long-term issues. With proper care and monitoring, children can lead active, healthy lives. If an underlying condition is found, treating it can help. The outlook is generally very good.

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