Yeast Infection (Candidiasis)
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
A yeast infection is a common infection caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Candida. It can affect the mouth, throat, skin, or genital area.
Key facts
- Candida naturally lives in the body but can overgrow.
- Yeast infections are usually not serious and can be treated.
- They are more common in women but can affect anyone.
Yes, yeast infections are very common. Most people will have at least one in their lifetime.
Anyone can get a yeast infection, but it is more common in women, people with weakened immune systems, and those taking antibiotics.
Symptoms
- Difficulty breathing (if infection spreads to bloodstream)
- Severe allergic reaction signs like swelling of lips or tongue
- ⚠High fever with genital or mouth sores
- ⚠Severe pain or inability to urinate
Common symptoms
- Itching and irritation in the affected area
- Thick, white discharge (like cottage cheese)
- Redness and swelling
- Pain during sex or urination
Symptoms in children
- White patches in the mouth (thrush)
- Diaper rash that does not go away
- Irritability and feeding difficulties in babies
Symptoms in older adults
- Dryness or soreness in the mouth
- Redness under dentures
- Skin infections in skin folds
Causes
Main causes
- Overgrowth of Candida fungus
- Antibiotic use that kills helpful bacteria
- Hormonal changes (like pregnancy or birth control)
- Uncontrolled diabetes
Risk factors
- Weakened immune system (from HIV, chemotherapy, or steroids)
- Wearing tight, non-breathable clothing
- Poor hygiene or frequent douching
- Use of spermicides or lubricants that irritate
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have fever with yeast infection symptoms
- If you have a weakened immune system and symptoms
Book a routine appointment if:
- First-time symptoms
- Recurrent infections (more than 4 per year)
- Symptoms that do not improve with self-care
Diagnosis
A doctor will ask about your symptoms and examine the affected area. They may take a small sample for testing.
Tests that may be done
- Physical exam
- Swab test to look at under a microscope
- Culture test if infection is severe or recurrent
What to expect at your appointment
The doctor will gently scrape or swab the area and send it to a lab. Results usually come in a few days.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the location and severity. Most cases clear up with topical creams or oral medications. It's important to finish the full course even if symptoms go away.
Self-care at home
- Keep the area clean and dry
- Wear loose cotton underwear
- Avoid scented products or douches
Medical treatments
Doctors may prescribe antifungal creams, tablets, or suppositories. These work by killing the Candida fungus. Recurrent infections may need longer treatment or a different approach.
Living with this condition
With proper care, yeast infections usually clear up quickly. You can normally continue daily activities while treating a mild infection.
Lifestyle tips
- Avoid tight clothing and damp environments
- Change out of wet swimsuits or sweaty clothes promptly
- Use mild, unscented soap for hygiene
Diet and exercise
Some people find that reducing sugar intake helps, but there is no strong evidence. Eating a balanced diet supports overall immune health.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Recurrent yeast infections can cause frustration and affect self-esteem or intimacy. It's normal to feel anxious; talk to your doctor about prevention strategies.
Prevention
You can reduce your risk by keeping the genital area dry, avoiding unnecessary antibiotics, and practicing good hygiene. But not all infections can be prevented.
Complications
If left untreated
- The infection may spread to other parts of the body
- In immunocompromised people, it can enter the bloodstream (invasive candidiasis)
- Recurrent infections can cause chronic discomfort
Long-term outlook
With treatment, most yeast infections clear up within a few days to two weeks. Recurrence is possible, but your doctor can help manage it. Rarely, serious infections require hospital care.
Find support
International organisations
Local organisations
- NHS ↗ · United Kingdom
Helplines
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 16, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Guidance may differ by country or region. Confirm local recommendations with a qualified healthcare provider.