Poisoning call emergency services
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Poisoning happens when a person is exposed to a harmful substance by swallowing, breathing in, touching, or injecting it. If you suspect poisoning, call your local emergency number immediately.
Key facts
- Poisoning can happen quickly and may be life-threatening.
- Common poisons include household cleaners, medications, and certain plants.
- Children and older adults are at higher risk of accidental poisoning.
Poisoning is a common reason for emergency department visits, though not all cases are severe.
Anyone can be affected, but young children, older adults, and people with mental health conditions are at higher risk.
Symptoms
- Unconsciousness or seizure
- Difficulty breathing or stopped breathing
- Severe abdominal pain or vomiting blood
- ⚠Persistent nausea and vomiting
- ⚠Mild confusion or drowsiness
- ⚠Skin rash or burns from a chemical
Common symptoms
- Nausea or vomiting
- Dizziness or confusion
- Breathing difficulties
Symptoms in children
- Sudden sleepiness or unresponsiveness
- Strange smells on the breath or clothing
- Burns around the mouth or on the skin
Symptoms in older adults
- Confusion or memory problems
- Falls or sudden weakness
- Changes in heart rate or blood pressure
Causes
Main causes
- Accidental ingestion of household chemicals or medications
- Overdose of prescription or over-the-counter drugs
- Inhalation of toxic fumes (like carbon monoxide)
- Skin contact with poisonous plants or chemicals
Risk factors
- Young children (exploring their environment)
- Elderly people (taking multiple medications)
- People with memory problems or dementia
- People who misuse alcohol or drugs
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- Call emergency services immediately if you suspect poisoning, even if symptoms seem mild.
- If the person is unconscious, having seizures, or not breathing, call your local emergency number right away.
Book a routine appointment if:
- If you have questions about poison prevention in your home, speak to your doctor or pharmacist.
Diagnosis
Doctors will ask about what happened – the substance, how much, and when. They will also check vital signs and symptoms.
Tests that may be done
- Blood tests to check for toxins
- Urine tests
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) to check heart activity
- Imaging scans (in some cases)
What to expect at your appointment
In the emergency room, you will be examined and monitored. Information you provide (like the poison container) helps doctors act quickly.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the type of poison, the amount, and how long ago it happened. The main goal is to stabilise the person and remove or neutralise the poison.
Self-care at home
- Do NOT induce vomiting unless told to by a medical professional.
- Do not give anything by mouth unless instructed.
- Remove contaminated clothing and rinse skin with water if the poison is on the skin.
Medical treatments
Medical treatment may include giving oxygen, intravenous fluids, medications to help absorb the poison, or antidotes for specific poisons. In severe cases, the person may need help breathing (a ventilator) or dialysis to remove the poison from the blood.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is rarely needed for poisoning. It may be considered if a poison has caused internal damage.
Living with this condition
After treatment, many people recover fully. Some may need follow-up appointments to check for long-term effects.
Lifestyle tips
- Store all poisons in locked cabinets out of reach of children.
- Keep medications in original containers with clear labels.
- Install carbon monoxide detectors in your home.
Diet and exercise
Once you are medically cleared, return to a normal diet and activity as advised by your healthcare team.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Poisoning can be a traumatic experience. It is normal to feel anxious or upset. Seek support from a counsellor or mental health professional if needed.
Prevention
Many poisonings can be prevented with careful storage and handling of harmful substances.
Complications
If left untreated
- Organ damage (kidney, liver, lungs)
- Brain damage from lack of oxygen
- Death
Long-term outlook
With prompt medical care, most people recover from poisoning. The long-term outlook depends on the poison and how quickly treatment was given. Quick action greatly improves the chances of a full recovery.
Find support
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 21, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.