Radiology·Radiology
Bone densitometry DEXA
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A bone densitometry DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan is a safe, painless test that measures the strength and density of your bones. It uses a very small amount of X-rays to check if your bones are becoming thin and weak, which could mean you have osteoporosis (a condition where bones are more likely to break). The scan is quick, usually takes 10 to 20 minutes, and is often done on your hip and lower spine.
Key facts
Yes, DEXA scans are widely used. Millions of people around the world have them each year, especially those at risk for osteoporosis, which is a common condition affecting many older adults.
DEXA scans are typically recommended for women over 65 and men over 70, or for younger people with risk factors like a family history of osteoporosis, long-term use of certain medications (such as steroids), low body weight, or a previous fracture after a minor fall.
A DEXA scan is the main test used to diagnose osteoporosis. Your doctor will refer you for the scan if you have risk factors or if you have already had a fragility fracture (a break from a minor fall). The scan takes pictures of your hip and lower spine to measure bone density.
The test is simple and painless. You will lie on a padded table while a scanning arm passes over you. You need to stay still for a few minutes. No injections or special preparation are needed, but avoid taking calcium supplements for 24 hours before the scan. Wear comfortable clothes without metal zips or buttons. The whole appointment usually takes about 30 minutes.
If your DEXA scan shows that you have low bone density (osteoporosis or osteopenia), your doctor will recommend a treatment plan to strengthen your bones and reduce the risk of fractures. Treatment usually combines lifestyle changes, supplements, and sometimes medications.
If you have low bone density, you can still live a full and active life. The key is to make your home safe, stay physically active with gentle exercises, and follow your treatment plan. Avoid high-impact activities like jumping or heavy lifting, but keep moving. Many people with osteoporosis live well for many years without breaking any bones.
Osteoporosis is not always preventable, but you can reduce your risk by adopting a bone-healthy lifestyle early in life. Building strong bones in childhood and young adulthood helps later on. Even in older age, it is never too late to make changes that can slow bone loss.
Routine screening for osteoporosis is not recommended for everyone, but if you have risk factors, talk to your doctor about having a DEXA scan. In some countries, women over 65 are offered a scan as part of a national screening program. Check with your local health service for guidance.
The outlook for most people with low bone density is positive. With early diagnosis through a DEXA scan, you can take steps to strengthen your bones and lower your risk of fractures. Many people live active, independent lives for many years after diagnosis. Treatment and lifestyle changes are very effective. Even if you have already had a fracture, you can still improve your bone health and prevent further breaks.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 16, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
If your bone density is very low or if you have already broken a bone, your doctor may prescribe medications that help slow bone loss or increase bone formation. These are usually tablets or injections taken regularly. Your doctor will decide the best option for you based on your age, sex, and overall health. Treatment may be needed for several years, with regular check-ups to monitor progress.
Surgery is not a treatment for low bone density itself. However, if you have a broken bone due to osteoporosis (for example, a hip fracture or a vertebral compression fracture), surgery may be needed to repair the fracture. This is managed by an orthopaedic surgeon.
Eat a balanced diet rich in calcium (dairy products, leafy green vegetables, fortified cereals, and fish with edible bones like sardines) and vitamin D (oily fish, eggs, and fortified foods). Aim for 10–20 minutes of sunlight on your skin most days (but not for too long). Exercise regularly: walking, tai chi, yoga (avoid extreme twists), and gentle weight training are all good options. Avoid high-impact or contact sports.
Being told you have low bone density can be worrying, but it is very manageable. Some people feel anxious about falling or breaking a bone. It is normal to feel this way. Talking to your doctor, a family member, or a support group can help. Focus on the things you can control — your diet, exercise, and safety habits — rather than worrying about the future. If you feel very anxious or depressed, seek help from a mental health professional.