What HIDA scan looks for

Overview

A HIDA scan is a type of nuclear medicine imaging test that looks at your gallbladder and the bile ducts that carry bile from your liver to your small intestine. It helps doctors see how well your gallbladder is working and whether bile is flowing properly.

HIDA scans are a common diagnostic test, but not as frequent as ultrasound. They are typically used when other tests have not given a clear answer about gallbladder or bile duct problems.

The test is used for people of all ages who have symptoms like upper abdominal pain, nausea, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes) that might be related to the gallbladder or bile ducts.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Pain in the upper right part of the belly (abdomen), especially after eating a fatty meal
• Nausea or vomiting
• Feeling bloated or full
• Jaundice (yellow skin or eyes)
• Dark urine or pale stools

Symptoms in children

• Abdominal pain that comes and goes
• Fussiness or poor feeding in infants
• Yellowing of the skin (jaundice)

Symptoms in older adults

• Vague abdominal discomfort, often less specific than in younger adults
• Loss of appetite or weight loss
• Confusion or fatigue if jaundice is present

Causes

Main causes

• A HIDA scan is used when symptoms suggest a problem with the gallbladder or bile ducts, such as gallstones, inflammation, or a blockage.

Risk factors

• Being overweight or obese
• Eating a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet
• Having diabetes
• Being over 40 years old
• Having a family history of gallbladder disease

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have severe abdominal pain, fever, or jaundice, seek medical help right away.

Book a routine appointment if:

• See your doctor if you have ongoing mild to moderate pain in your upper right belly, especially after meals.
• Make an appointment if you have recurring nausea or bloating.

Diagnosis

A HIDA scan is one of several tests doctors use to check the gallbladder and bile ducts. It is often done after an ultrasound or blood tests suggest a problem.

Tests that may be done

• HIDA scan (hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan)
• Ultrasound of the abdomen
• Blood tests to check liver function and bilirubin levels

What to expect at your appointment

For a HIDA scan, you lie on a table while a small amount of radioactive tracer is injected into a vein. A special camera takes pictures over several hours. You may be given a fatty meal or a medicine to make your gallbladder contract. The test is painless and usually takes 1 to 4 hours.

Treatment

Treatment depends on what the HIDA scan finds. If a blocked bile duct or gallbladder inflammation is detected, options may include medication, procedures, or surgery. Your doctor will explain the best plan for you.

Self-care at home

• Eat a low-fat diet to reduce symptoms until you see your doctor.
• Drink plenty of water unless advised otherwise.
• Avoid overeating fatty or fried foods.

Medical treatments

If the HIDA scan shows a gallbladder or bile duct problem, doctors may recommend medications to dissolve gallstones or treat infection. Some people need a procedure called ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) to remove a blockage. Always follow your healthcare provider's advice.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery may be needed if the gallbladder is severely inflamed (cholecystitis) or if gallstones keep causing problems. The most common surgery is removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy), often done with small incisions.

Living with this condition

If you have gallbladder issues, your daily life may involve managing symptoms with diet and watching for worsening pain. After treatment, most people return to normal activities.

Lifestyle tips

• Eat a balanced diet low in saturated fats.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Exercise regularly, as your doctor advises.
• Avoid crash diets that can increase gallstone risk.

Diet and exercise

A diet rich in fibre, fruits, and vegetables, with lean proteins, can help support gallbladder health. Regular physical activity, like walking, also helps.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Living with ongoing abdominal pain or worry about your health can be stressful. It’s normal to feel anxious. Talking to a trusted friend or healthcare provider can help.

Prevention

You cannot always prevent gallbladder problems, but a healthy lifestyle can lower your risk. Eating a low-fat diet, staying active, and not skipping meals may help.

Screening programmes

There are no routine screening tests for gallbladder disease in most people. Your doctor may recommend imaging if you have symptoms or risk factors.

Complications

If left untreated

• If a blocked bile duct is not treated, it can lead to serious infection (cholangitis).
• Inflammation of the gallbladder may worsen and cause rupture.
• Jaundice can become severe and affect liver function.

Long-term outlook

The outlook for most gallbladder and bile duct problems is very good when they are caught early. Treatments, including surgery, are safe and effective. Most people recover fully and go back to a normal life.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.