Radiology·Radiology
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A white blood cell nuclear scan is a special type of scan that helps doctors find hidden infections or areas of inflammation in your body. First, a small amount of a safe radioactive substance is injected into your vein. This substance attaches to your white blood cells — the cells that fight infection. The scan then takes pictures to show where these cells have gathered, which can point to the source of a problem.
Key facts
It is not a routine scan like an X-ray, but it is used fairly often when doctors suspect an infection or inflammation that is not easily found with other tests.
It is used for people of all ages who have symptoms of a hidden infection or inflammation, such as those with a fever of unknown cause, a painful joint after surgery, or a weakened immune system.
The diagnosis of a hidden infection or inflammation is often made using a combination of symptoms, blood tests, and imaging scans. A white blood cell nuclear scan is one of the imaging tests used when other scans, like X-ray or CT, are not clear.
On the day of the scan, a small needle will be used to inject the radioactive tracer into a vein in your arm. You will then wait 1 to 4 hours for the tracer to travel to your white blood cells and for those cells to reach any areas of infection. During the wait, you can rest and drink water. Then you will lie on a table while a special camera takes pictures of your body. The scan itself is painless and takes about 30 to 60 minutes. Afterward, you can go home and return to normal activities. The tracer leaves your body naturally through urine or stool over a day or two.
Treatment depends entirely on what the scan finds. If the scan shows an infection, treatment will focus on clearing that infection. If it shows non-infectious inflammation, treatment will aim to calm the immune system. The results will guide your doctor in choosing the right plan for you.
If an infection is found, your doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics (or other antimicrobial medicines) to treat the specific germ causing it. For non-infectious inflammation, medicines that reduce inflammation may be used, such as corticosteroids or other immune-modulating drugs. The exact medicine depends on your condition. In some cases, if an infected medical device is found, the device may need to be removed and replaced later.
After a white blood cell nuclear scan, you will mostly manage the underlying condition that the scan is helping to find. If an infection is diagnosed, you may need a course of antibiotics and follow-up appointments. If the scan is normal, your doctor will rule out certain problems and look for other causes of your symptoms.
Eat a balanced diet to support your immune system. If you are feeling unwell, focus on small, nutritious meals. Gentle activity, like short walks, can help if you have the energy, but rest is important during an active infection. Always follow your doctor's advice about activity levels.
The scan itself does not need to be prevented, but the conditions it detects (like infections) can sometimes be prevented. Practice good hygiene, care for wounds properly, and follow your doctor's advice about managing long-term health conditions.
Staying up to date with recommended vaccines (like flu, pneumonia, and COVID-19) can help prevent infections that might lead to the need for this scan. Talk to your doctor about which vaccines are right for you.
There is no routine screening for the conditions that require this scan. If you have symptoms, your doctor will order the appropriate tests.
The outlook is generally good if the cause is found early and treated properly. The scan is an important step in identifying the problem so that the right treatment can begin. With modern medicine, most infections and inflammation can be treated or controlled, allowing you to return to your normal life.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 16, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Surgery may be needed if the infection is in a bone or joint that does not respond to medicine, or if an infected implant (like a hip or heart valve) must be removed. Your doctor will discuss this with you if it is needed.
Waiting for test results can be stressful. It is normal to feel anxious or worried. Talk to your doctor or a nurse about your concerns. If you feel overwhelmed, consider speaking with a counsellor or support group. Taking care of your emotional health is just as important as your physical health.