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Asthma is a long-term condition that affects the airways (the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs). In asthma, these airways become narrow and swollen, making it harder to breathe. An asthma screening test helps find out if someone has asthma or if their asthma is well controlled.
Key facts
Yes, asthma is very common. Millions of people around the world have asthma, including many children and adults.
Asthma can affect people of all ages, races, and backgrounds. It often starts in childhood but can also develop in adults. Some people may have a family history of asthma or allergies.
A doctor will start by asking about your symptoms, medical history, and any family history of asthma or allergies. They will listen to your breathing with a stethoscope. To confirm asthma, they will usually do a breathing test called spirometry.
For spirometry, you will be asked to take a deep breath and then blow out forcefully into a tube. The test is painless but may make you feel a little short of breath for a moment. Do not smoke or use your inhaler (unless your doctor says otherwise) for a few hours before the test. Wear loose, comfortable clothing. The whole visit usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes.
Asthma is managed with a combination of avoiding triggers and using medications to keep airways open and reduce inflammation. Treatment is tailored to each person's needs and severity.
Treatment usually involves daily controller medications to prevent symptoms and a reliever inhaler for quick relief during attacks. Inhaled medications are the most common. Treatment is adjusted based on how well asthma is controlled. For severe asthma, there are other options like biologic therapies or oral medications, but these are prescribed only by a specialist.
Living with asthma means being aware of your triggers and keeping your medications handy. Many people with asthma can do everything others do, including sports and travel, especially if they manage their condition well.
Asthma cannot always be prevented, especially if there is a strong family history. However, you may reduce the risk by avoiding smoking during pregnancy and keeping young children away from smoke and air pollution. Early treatment of allergies might also help.
Getting recommended vaccines, like the annual flu shot and the pneumococcal vaccine, can help prevent respiratory infections that can trigger asthma attacks. Ask your doctor which vaccines are right for you.
Screening for asthma is recommended if you or your child have symptoms that could be asthma. There is no routine screening for everyone, but if you have a family history or other risk factors, talk to your doctor.
With proper treatment and a good management plan, most people with asthma can lead normal, active lives. Asthma does not have to stop you from doing the things you enjoy. The key is to work closely with your doctor and follow your plan.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 16, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Surgery is not a treatment for asthma itself. However, in rare cases, a procedure called bronchial thermoplasty may be considered for severe asthma that does not respond to other treatments. This is only done by a specialist after careful assessment.
A healthy, balanced diet is good for overall health but does not cure asthma. Some people find that certain foods (like dairy or sulfites) trigger symptoms, so it can help to keep a food diary. Exercise is encouraged, but if exercise triggers your asthma, talk to your doctor about pre-treatment with a reliever inhaler.
Living with a long-term condition like asthma can sometimes cause stress, anxiety, or depression. Worrying about attacks can be hard. It is important to talk to your doctor if you feel overwhelmed. Ways to cope include deep breathing, staying connected with friends, and joining a support group. If you have thoughts of harming yourself, call your local emergency number or crisis hotline immediately.