circulation screening test preparation

Overview

A circulation screening test checks for problems with blood flow in your legs or other parts of your body. It is a painless, non-invasive test that usually requires very little preparation. This article explains what you need to know to get ready.

This test is commonly used to screen for peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a condition that affects millions of people worldwide.

It is often recommended for people who are over 50, smoke, have diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or a family history of circulation problems.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Leg pain or cramping when walking that goes away with rest
• Numbness or tingling in the legs or feet
• Coldness in one leg or foot compared to the other

Symptoms in children

• Unusual leg pain or fatigue during activity
• Poor growth in one leg

Symptoms in older adults

• Leg pain at night that makes it hard to sleep
• Sores on the legs or feet that heal slowly

Causes

Main causes

• Peripheral arterial disease is usually caused by a buildup of fatty deposits (atherosclerosis) in the arteries.
• Other conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and smoking can damage arteries.
• In some cases, inflammation or blood clots can block blood flow.

Risk factors

• Smoking
• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Obesity
• Over age 50
• Family history of heart or blood vessel disease

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have sudden, severe leg pain or a leg that becomes pale or cold, seek emergency care.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have leg pain when walking that goes away with rest, make an appointment with your GP.
• If you have a non-healing sore on your leg or foot, see your doctor.

Diagnosis

The main screening test is called the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Your doctor measures your blood pressure in your ankle and your arm using a small ultrasound device. The results are compared to see if there is a blockage.

Tests that may be done

• Ankle-brachial index (ABI)
• Doppler ultrasound
• Pulse volume recording

What to expect at your appointment

You will lie on a table while a technician places blood pressure cuffs on your arms and ankles. They will take measurements at rest and sometimes after a short walk. The test is painless and takes about 15 minutes.

Treatment

If the test shows reduced blood flow, your doctor will talk to you about managing your risk factors and improving your circulation.

Self-care at home

• Walk regularly to help improve blood flow
• Quit smoking if you smoke
• Manage diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol with your healthcare team

Medical treatments

Your doctor may recommend medicines to lower your cholesterol, control blood pressure, or prevent blood clots. Always take medicines as prescribed.

When is surgery considered?

In more serious cases, a procedure such as angioplasty (opening a blocked artery with a small balloon) or bypass surgery may be needed. Your specialist will explain the options.

Living with this condition

If you have circulation problems, it's important to take good care of your feet – check them daily for sores or changes in colour. Wear comfortable shoes and keep your feet clean and dry.

Lifestyle tips

• Stay active with walking or other low-impact exercises
• Eat a healthy diet low in saturated fat and salt
• Maintain a healthy weight

Diet and exercise

A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help control risk factors. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Living with a chronic condition can be stressful. It's normal to feel worried or frustrated. Talk to your doctor or a counsellor if you need support.

Prevention

You cannot always prevent circulation problems, but you can lower your risk by making healthy lifestyle choices.

Screening programmes

Regular circulation screening tests can help find problems early, especially if you have risk factors. Talk to your doctor about how often you should be tested.

Complications

If left untreated

• Worsening leg pain and difficulty walking
• Non-healing sores or ulcers on the legs or feet
• Gangrene (tissue death) that may require amputation

Long-term outlook

With early detection and proper management, most people with circulation problems can lead full, active lives. Treatment can greatly improve symptoms and reduce the risk of serious complications.

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