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Hepatitis B is a virus that can cause a liver infection. A blood test checks for signs of the virus or antibodies your body makes to fight it.
Key facts
Hepatitis B is less common in the UK but more common in parts of Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe. About 1 in 100 people in the UK have had it.
Anyone can get hepatitis B, but people who travel to high-risk areas, have unprotected sex, share needles, or have certain medical procedures are at higher risk.
A simple blood test can detect hepatitis B. The test looks for parts of the virus (antigens) and antibodies your body makes. Different results tell if you have a current infection, a past infection, or protection from vaccination.
Treatment depends on whether the infection is acute or chronic. Acute hepatitis B often goes away on its own with rest and good nutrition. Chronic hepatitis B may need antiviral medicines to keep the virus under control and protect your liver.
If you have chronic hepatitis B, you can live a normal life by taking your medicines as prescribed, attending regular check-ups, and protecting your liver. You should avoid alcohol and check with your doctor before taking any new medicines.
Yes, hepatitis B can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine. It is also important to avoid risky behaviors like sharing needles or unprotected sex.
The hepatitis B vaccine is given as a series of shots. It is recommended for all infants, healthcare workers, people with chronic liver disease, travelers to high-risk areas, and others at risk. Talk to your doctor if you think you need it.
Blood tests can screen for hepatitis B. If you are at risk, your doctor may recommend a test. Pregnant women are routinely tested in the UK to prevent passing the virus to the baby.
With proper treatment and monitoring, most people with chronic hepatitis B can lead long, healthy lives. Acute hepatitis B often resolves completely. Early detection and care give the best chance of protecting your liver.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 8, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
The test is a quick blood draw from your arm. You do not need to fast or prepare specially. Results may take a few days. Your doctor will explain what they mean and what to do next.
For chronic hepatitis B, doctors may prescribe antiviral medications to reduce the virus level. These are taken long-term and require regular blood tests. In some cases, a liver transplant may be considered if liver damage is severe. Do not take over-the-counter painkillers or herbal remedies without consulting your doctor, as some can harm the liver.
Surgery is not a treatment for hepatitis B itself. If you develop severe liver damage (cirrhosis) or liver cancer from chronic hepatitis B, you may need a liver transplant. This is a major operation and only done after careful evaluation.
A balanced diet low in fat and rich in nutrients helps support liver function. Avoid raw or undercooked shellfish. Stay active with moderate exercise like walking or swimming, but rest when tired.
Living with a chronic infection can cause anxiety or depression. It's normal to feel worried. Talk to your doctor or a counsellor. Support groups can also help you connect with others.