Prolactin blood test
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
A prolactin blood test measures the level of a hormone called prolactin in your blood. Prolactin is made by a small gland in your brain called the pituitary gland. This test helps doctors check for conditions that affect prolactin levels, such as pituitary tumors or problems with your menstrual cycle or fertility.
Key facts
- Prolactin is best known for helping women produce breast milk after childbirth.
- High prolactin levels are common and can often be treated.
- The test is simple and is done with a standard blood draw, usually in the morning.
Prolactin blood tests are fairly common, especially when someone has symptoms like irregular periods, infertility, or unexpected breast milk production.
Both men and women can have abnormal prolactin levels. It is more often tested in women of childbearing age, but it can affect people of any age or gender.
Symptoms
- Sudden, severe headache
- Sudden vision changes, like double vision or loss of side vision
- Signs of stroke (sudden weakness on one side of the body, trouble speaking)
- ⚠New or worsening headaches that don't go away
- ⚠Nausea, vomiting, or dizziness along with headache
- ⚠Vision changes that come on over a few days
Common symptoms
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods in women
- Unexpected breast milk production (galactorrhea) in women or men
- Infertility
- Low sex drive
- Erectile dysfunction in men
- Breast tenderness
Symptoms in children
- Delayed puberty
- Slow growth
- Headaches or vision problems (if a pituitary tumor is present)
Symptoms in older adults
- Similar to adults, including low sex drive, breast changes, or headaches
- Sometimes no symptoms at all – the condition is found during tests for other issues
Causes
Main causes
- A noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland (prolactinoma)
- Certain medications, such as some antidepressants or antipsychotics
- Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
- Stress, pregnancy, or breastfeeding (normal causes of high prolactin)
Risk factors
- Being female, especially of childbearing age
- Having a family history of pituitary tumors
- Taking medications known to raise prolactin
- Chronic kidney disease or cirrhosis of the liver
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have a severe headache or sudden vision changes, seek emergency care right away.
- If you experience symptoms of stroke or a seizure.
Book a routine appointment if:
- If you notice abnormal breast milk production (not related to breastfeeding)
- If your menstrual periods are irregular or stop for several months
- If you are having trouble getting pregnant
- If you have low sex drive or sexual problems that bother you
Diagnosis
Diagnosis usually starts with a prolactin blood test. If your level is high, your doctor may order more tests to find the cause, such as imaging of the pituitary gland.
Tests that may be done
- Prolactin blood test (usually done in the morning after fasting)
- Thyroid function tests to check for hypothyroidism
- MRI scan of the brain to look for a pituitary tumor
What to expect at your appointment
The blood test is quick. You may need to avoid eating or certain medications for a few hours beforehand. The doctor will explain the results and what they mean for your health.
Treatment
Treatment for high prolactin depends on the cause. If it's due to a medication, your doctor may adjust the dose or switch to another medicine. A small pituitary tumor is often treated with medications that lower prolactin levels. In rare cases, surgery may be needed.
Self-care at home
- Manage stress with relaxation techniques like deep breathing or yoga
- Get enough sleep each night (7–9 hours for most adults)
- Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs, which can affect hormone levels
Medical treatments
Doctors often prescribe a type of medication that helps the brain reduce prolactin production. These are usually tablets taken regularly. Your doctor will monitor your levels and adjust treatment as needed. Never stop or change medications without speaking to your doctor.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery to remove a pituitary tumor may be considered if the tumor is large, causing vision problems, or not responding to medication.
Living with this condition
Most people with abnormal prolactin levels lead normal lives. You may need regular blood tests and doctor visits to monitor levels and adjust treatment.
Lifestyle tips
- Follow your treatment plan as prescribed
- Keep a symptom diary to track changes and share with your doctor
- Communicate openly with your partner if fertility or sexual health is affected
Diet and exercise
A balanced diet and regular physical activity support overall health. There is no special diet for prolactin issues, but staying healthy helps your body respond better to treatment.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Hormone imbalances can affect your mood, energy, and stress levels. It is normal to feel anxious or frustrated. Talk to your doctor or a mental health professional if you need support.
Prevention
Most causes of high prolactin cannot be prevented. However, managing stress, avoiding certain medications if possible, and keeping your thyroid healthy may help reduce risks.
Screening programmes
Routine screening for high prolactin is not recommended for everyone. Testing is done only if you have symptoms or specific risk factors.
Complications
If left untreated
- Continued infertility or menstrual problems
- Low bone density (osteoporosis) over time due to low estrogen or testosterone
- Growth of a pituitary tumor, which could press on nearby nerves and affect vision
Long-term outlook
The outlook is very good for most people. With proper treatment, prolactin levels usually return to normal, symptoms improve, and you can live a full and healthy life.
Find support
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 16, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Guidance may differ by country or region. Confirm local recommendations with a qualified healthcare provider.