preventing teething

Overview

Teething is the natural process where a baby's first teeth push through the gums. It is a normal stage, not a disease. The goal is to ease your baby's discomfort and keep the new teeth clean and healthy.

Yes, every baby goes through teething. Most children have their full set of 20 baby teeth by about age 3.

Teething affects infants and toddlers, usually starting between 6 and 12 months. It continues until all baby teeth have appeared, around age 3.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Swollen, tender gums
• Drooling more than usual
• Chewing on fingers or toys
• Being fussy or irritable
• A slightly raised temperature (less than 100.4°F / 38°C)

Symptoms in children

• The same symptoms as listed above, especially in the weeks before a tooth appears.
• Mild flushed cheeks
• Rubbing the ear on the same side as the emerging tooth
• Eating or drinking a little less than usual

Causes

Main causes

• Teething is caused by baby teeth moving upward through the jaw and breaking through the gums.
• It is a natural process that cannot be prevented or stopped.

Risk factors

• There are no known risk factors for teething itself.
• Family history may affect when teeth appear.
• Poor oral hygiene and frequent sugary foods increase the risk of tooth decay later.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If your baby has a high fever, severe pain, or is refusing all drinks.
• If your baby has vomiting, diarrhea, or a spreading rash.

Book a routine appointment if:

• Schedule a dental check-up by your baby's first birthday, or earlier if you have concerns.
• Talk to your health visitor or doctor if you are unsure how to ease teething pain.

Diagnosis

Doctors or health visitors usually recognize teething from your baby's symptoms and a quick look inside the mouth. No special tests are needed.

Tests that may be done

• None are routinely needed.
• If your baby has a fever or other symptoms, the doctor may check for an infection as the real cause.

What to expect at your appointment

The doctor will ask about symptoms, examine the mouth and gums, and reassure you. They will suggest safe ways to comfort your baby, and they may advise on pain relief options.

Treatment

Treatment is about comfort, not stopping teething. You can help your baby feel better with simple home care. Always ask a doctor, pharmacist, or health visitor before using any medicine or gel.

Self-care at home

• Gently rub your baby's gums with a clean finger or a piece of damp clean cloth.
• Give a clean, cool (not frozen) teething ring or toy to chew on.
• Wipe away drool regularly to prevent a rash on the face, neck, or chest.
• Offer a healthy, safe item to chew, like a plain, sugar-free teething biscuit — but always watch your baby to avoid choking.
• For a slightly raised temperature, dress your baby lightly and keep the room comfortable. Ask your pharmacist or health visitor for advice.

Medical treatments

If your baby seems very uncomfortable, a doctor or pharmacist may suggest a pain-relief medicine that is appropriate for their age. Some pain-relief gels for gums can be used, but only on the advice of a healthcare professional. Never use teething tablets, necklaces, or home remedies, as these can be unsafe. Always follow professional advice about dosing and times.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is not part of teething care. If a dental problem develops later, a dentist will discuss any needed treatment.

Living with this condition

Expect some fussy days. Keep nearby several safe teething toys that you can cool in the fridge (not the freezer). Cuddle and distract your baby. The phase will pass.

Lifestyle tips

• Keep a regular feeding and sleeping routine, even if your baby is a little off.
• Once the first tooth appears, start brushing it twice a day with a tiny smear of fluoride toothpaste, as recommended by your dentist.
• Encourage good habits like wiping your baby's gums daily.

Diet and exercise

For babies, stick to breast milk, formula, and age-appropriate foods. Avoid sweetened drinks or food, especially in bottles, to protect new teeth. Physical activity is normal playtime for babies, and teething does not require special changes.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Looking after a teething baby can be tiring and stressful. It is okay to ask for help. If you feel overwhelmed, talk to your health visitor, GP, or a trusted friend. Taking short breaks can help you stay calm and caring.

Prevention

You cannot prevent teething itself — it is a natural milestone. However, you can prevent later tooth problems by starting good oral care early: clean your baby's gums, brush new teeth with a tiny amount of fluoride toothpaste, and avoid sugary drinks.

Vaccines

Vaccines are not related to teething.

Screening programmes

Take your baby for a dental check-up when the first tooth appears or by their first birthday, whichever comes first. This helps catch any issues early.

Complications

If left untreated

• Teething itself has no dangerous complications.
• If new teeth are not cleaned, plaque can build up, leading to tooth decay (cavities).
• Untreated tooth decay can cause pain, infection, and may affect the permanent teeth later.

Long-term outlook

Teething is a short, normal stage. With gentle care and proper tooth brushing, your child will soon have a healthy smile. Most babies settle once the tooth breaks through.

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