Safe drinking water when travelling
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Safe drinking water when travelling means taking steps to avoid water that might be contaminated with germs that can cause illness. This includes choosing bottled, boiled, or treated water over tap water in areas where water quality is uncertain.
Key facts
- Contaminated water is a common cause of traveller’s diarrhoea and other infections.
- Boiling water for at least one minute kills most germs.
- Using water purification tablets or filters can make water safer when boiling is not possible.
Yes, waterborne illnesses are common among travellers, especially those visiting regions with poor sanitation.
Anyone travelling to areas where water quality is unreliable is at risk, but children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems are more vulnerable.
Symptoms
- Severe dehydration (no urine for more than 8 hours, very dry mouth, sunken eyes)
- Blood in the stool or vomit
- High fever that does not come down with simple cooling measures
- Inability to keep any fluids down
- ⚠Diarrhoea that lasts more than 3 days
- ⚠Fever above 38°C (100.4°F) that persists
- ⚠Signs of dehydration such as less frequent urination or feeling very thirsty
Common symptoms
- Loose, watery stools (diarrhoea)
- Stomach cramps and nausea
- Vomiting
- Fever
- Feeling unwell or tired
Symptoms in children
- Diarrhoea that comes on quickly
- Fussiness or crying more than usual
- Dry mouth or fewer wet nappies (signs of dehydration)
- Sunken eyes or soft spot on the head
Symptoms in older adults
- Severe diarrhoea that may lead to dehydration faster
- Confusion or dizziness
- Weakness and difficulty walking
Causes
Main causes
- Drinking water that contains harmful bacteria, viruses, or parasites
- Using contaminated water to brush teeth, wash dishes, or make ice cubes
- Eating food washed with unsafe water
Risk factors
- Travel to regions with poor sanitation or limited access to clean water
- Staying in rural or remote areas
- Having a weakened immune system due to medical conditions or medications
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have any emergency symptoms listed above
- If you cannot keep fluids down due to vomiting
- If you have a fever that does not go away
Book a routine appointment if:
- If diarrhoea or vomiting lasts more than a few days without improvement
- If you are concerned about dehydration despite drinking fluids
Diagnosis
A healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, travel history, and the water you have been drinking. They may also check for signs of dehydration.
Tests that may be done
- Stool sample to identify the germ causing the illness (if symptoms are severe or persistent)
- Blood test to check for dehydration or infection
What to expect at your appointment
Diagnosis is usually based on your symptoms and travel history. Testing is only done if the infection is serious or does not improve.
Treatment
Treatment focuses on preventing dehydration and letting the body fight off the infection. Most cases get better without specific medication.
Self-care at home
- Drink plenty of safe fluids (bottled or boiled water, oral rehydration solution)
- Rest and avoid strenuous activities
- Eat bland, easy-to-digest foods like rice, bananas, or toast
- Avoid dairy, caffeine, and alcohol until symptoms resolve
Medical treatments
For bacterial infections, a healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics. Antiparasitic medications are used for parasite-related illness. Always follow your doctor’s advice and do not take antibiotics without a prescription.
When is surgery considered?
Not applicable
Living with this condition
While travelling, be mindful of the water you drink and use. Carry a reusable bottle and purification method. If you get ill, prioritise rest and hydration until you recover.
Lifestyle tips
- Always use bottled or boiled water, even for brushing teeth
- Avoid ice cubes unless made from safe water
- Wash hands frequently with soap and safe water or use hand sanitiser
Diet and exercise
Stick to cooked, hot foods and peeled fruits. Avoid raw salads and street food from unreliable sources. Gentle exercise like walking is fine, but rest if you feel unwell.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Getting sick away from home can be stressful and worrying. It may cause anxiety about missing parts of your trip. Try to stay calm and focus on recovery.
Prevention
Yes, by following safe water practices: drink only bottled, boiled, or properly treated water; avoid ice cubes made from tap water; and use safe water for oral hygiene.
Vaccines
Vaccines are available for some waterborne diseases such as hepatitis A and typhoid. Ask your healthcare provider about recommended vaccinations before you travel.
Screening programmes
Not applicable
Complications
If left untreated
- Severe dehydration, which can lead to kidney problems or hospitalisation
- Electrolyte imbalance causing weakness or heart rhythm issues
- Persistent diarrhoea can lead to weight loss and malnutrition
Long-term outlook
With prompt care and proper hydration, most people recover fully from waterborne infections. Taking simple precautions can help you enjoy your travels without worry.
Find support
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 20, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.