screening for diabetes
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Screening for diabetes is a way to check your blood sugar levels to find out if you have diabetes or are at risk of developing it, even before you feel any symptoms.
Key facts
- Screening helps catch diabetes early, when it's easier to manage.
- It usually involves a simple blood test.
- People with risk factors may need screening more often.
Diabetes is very common, and screening is a routine part of healthcare for many adults.
Screening is recommended for adults who are overweight, have a family history of diabetes, have high blood pressure, or are over a certain age. Your healthcare provider can tell you when you should be screened.
Symptoms
- Trouble breathing
- Vomiting that won't stop
- Unusual confusion or fainting
- Fruity-smelling breath with deep breathing
- ⚠Very high blood sugar readings
- ⚠Signs of a severe infection
- ⚠Excessive thirst with weakness
Common symptoms
- Feeling more thirsty than usual
- Urinating more often, especially at night
- Feeling very tired
- Blurred vision
- Cuts or bruises that heal slowly
Symptoms in children
- Drinking a lot and using the bathroom often
- Bedwetting after being dry
- Weight loss that is not expected
- Fruity-smelling breath
Symptoms in older adults
- Confusion or unusual tiredness
- Frequent infections
- Dizziness when standing
- Memory problems
Causes
Main causes
- The body not making enough insulin (a hormone that controls blood sugar)
- The body not using insulin properly (insulin resistance)
Risk factors
- Being overweight or having obesity
- Being 45 or older
- Having a parent or sibling with diabetes
- High blood pressure or high cholesterol
- Being physically inactive
- Having had gestational diabetes
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have any of the emergency symptoms, call your local emergency number right away.
- If you have signs of a serious infection, seek care the same day.
Book a routine appointment if:
- See your doctor for a diabetes screening if you are over 45
- If you have risk factors, ask about getting screened at your next check-up
Diagnosis
Doctors use blood tests to check your average blood sugar level. If it's high, they may do a second test to confirm.
Tests that may be done
- HbA1c test (a measure of your average blood sugar over 2-3 months)
- Fasting blood sugar test
- Oral glucose tolerance test (a blood test after drinking a sugary drink)
What to expect at your appointment
A small needle draws blood from your arm. You may need to fast (not eat or drink) beforehand, but your doctor will give you clear instructions.
Treatment
If screening shows diabetes, your healthcare provider will work with you to create a plan to keep your blood sugar in a healthy range. This usually includes lifestyle changes and sometimes medication.
Self-care at home
- Eating balanced meals with plenty of vegetables and whole grains
- Getting at least 30 minutes of physical activity on most days
- Taking any prescribed medications exactly as directed
Medical treatments
Treatment may include oral medications, insulin, or other injectable medicines that help control blood sugar. Your doctor will choose the right approach based on your health needs.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is rarely a treatment for diabetes itself, but some people with type 2 diabetes may be helped by weight-loss surgery. This is only considered in specific cases, after thorough consultation.
Living with this condition
Managing diabetes means checking your blood sugar as recommended, taking medicines on time, and staying in touch with your healthcare team.
Lifestyle tips
- Keep a regular daily schedule to balance meals and activity
- Check your feet daily for cuts or blisters
- Wear medical identification in case of emergencies
Diet and exercise
A healthy diet with whole grains, lean protein, and vegetables, along with regular walking or other physical activity, can help keep your blood sugar steady. A dietitian can help you make a plan.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Living with a long-term condition can feel overwhelming at times. It's normal to feel stressed or sad. Talk to your doctor if these feelings don't go away.
Prevention
Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented. But type 2 diabetes can often be delayed or prevented with healthy lifestyle choices, even if you have risk factors.
Vaccines
People with diabetes should stay up to date on recommended vaccines, such as the flu, pneumonia, and COVID-19 vaccines, to reduce the risk of serious infections.
Screening programmes
Regular screening is an important prevention tool. You can also ask your healthcare provider about diabetes risk assessments.
Complications
If left untreated
- Heart disease and stroke
- Kidney damage
- Nerve damage, especially in the feet
- Vision loss
- Slow-healing wounds that can lead to infection
Long-term outlook
Diabetes is a lifelong condition, but with early detection, good self-care, and proper medical support, most people can live full, active, and healthy lives.
Find support
International organisations
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 31, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.