screening for Parkinson symptoms

Overview

Parkinson's disease is a condition of the brain that affects movement, balance, and coordination. Over time, it can also affect thinking, mood, and other body functions. 'Screening' for Parkinson's means looking for early signs, but there is no simple screening test. Diagnosis is based on a doctor's examination and your medical history.

Parkinson's is the second most common brain-wasting condition after Alzheimer's. It affects about 1 person in every 500 in the UK, and about 1 in 100 people over 60.

It usually appears after age 50, but about 1 in 20 people are younger than 40. Men are slightly more likely to get it than women.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Tremor or shaking, often in a finger or hand, especially when resting
• Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)
• Stiffness in the arms, legs, or trunk
• Problems with balance and walking
• Small, cramped handwriting
• Loss of sense of smell
• Trouble sleeping or sudden movements during sleep
• Soft or monotone voice

Symptoms in children

• Parkinson's is extremely rare in children. Very rare genetic forms can appear in teenagers, but symptoms are similar to adults and need a specialist children's brain doctor.

Symptoms in older adults

• Resting tremor, stiff muscles, slowed movements, and balance problems are common.
• Older adults may also experience confusion, memory problems, or urinary urgency.
• A fall can sometimes be the first obvious sign.

Causes

Main causes

• The exact cause is unknown in most cases.
• Parkinson's happens when nerve cells in a part of the brain that makes dopamine stop working properly. Dopamine is a chemical that helps control movement.
• Rarely, some genetic changes can cause Parkinson's.

Risk factors

• Age over 60
• Being male
• Family history of Parkinson's
• Long-term exposure to certain pesticides or solvents

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• A new tremor that makes everyday tasks difficult
• Stiffness or slowness that is getting worse quickly
• A recent fall or unexplained injury

Book a routine appointment if:

• Persistent changes in movement, balance, or handwriting
• A lasting loss of sense of smell
• Worries about memory or mood changes

Diagnosis

There is no single test for Parkinson's. A specialist will ask about your symptoms and past health, perform a neurological exam, and may see how your symptoms respond to Parkinson's medication over time.

Tests that may be done

• A physical and neurological examination
• Blood tests to rule out other conditions
• A brain scan (such as MRI or CT) in some cases
• A referral to a specialist for a comprehensive assessment

What to expect at your appointment

Your doctor will take time to listen to you and may watch you walk, sit, stand, and write. The process can take a few visits. It is normal to feel nervous — bring a trusted friend or family member for support.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and maintaining your quality of life. A team of specialists, including neurologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and nurses, will usually support you.

Self-care at home

• Keep moving with a safe exercise plan
• Use techniques to make everyday tasks easier, like handrails and non-slip rugs
• Rest when you need it
• Stay engaged with hobbies and activities you enjoy

Medical treatments

Treatments may include medicines that help replace the missing brain chemical or mimic its effects, along with physiotherapy, speech and language therapy, and occupational therapy. Deep brain stimulation, a procedure where a small device sends electrical signals to specific parts of the brain, is an option for some people. Your healthcare team will discuss the best plan for you.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is not common, but it may be considered when medicines no longer control symptoms well. Deep brain stimulation is the main type, but not everyone is eligible. Your specialist team will assess you carefully.

Living with this condition

Living with Parkinson's is a marathon, not a sprint. With good support and an adaptable mindset, many people continue to live active, fulfilling lives. You may need to adjust your routine as symptoms change.

Lifestyle tips

• Stay socially connected with friends and family
• Find enjoyable physical activities that suit your energy levels
• Learn stress-reduction techniques like breathing exercises or mindfulness
• Plan important tasks for times of day when you feel at your best

Diet and exercise

A balanced diet with plenty of water and fibre can help with digestion and prevent constipation. Exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve movement and mood. Even light walking, dancing, or stretching can make a real difference.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Parkinson's can affect mental health as well as movement. Anxiety and depression are common. Talk to your doctor if you feel down, worried, or withdrawn — you are not alone, and help is available.

Prevention

There is no proven way to prevent Parkinson's because the cause is usually unknown. Regular exercise and avoiding exposure to toxic chemicals may slightly lower your risk.

Vaccines

There is no vaccine for Parkinson's disease.

Screening programmes

There is no national screening programme for Parkinson's. If you are worried about your symptoms or family history, speak to your doctor.

Complications

If left untreated

• Falls and broken bones
• Difficulty swallowing, which can lead to choking or lung infections
• Parkinson's dementia or confusion in later stages
• Pressure sores from reduced mobility
• Social isolation and depression

Long-term outlook

While Parkinson's is a lifelong condition, many people live for decades with good quality of life. Treatments are improving all the time, and research continues. With the right support and care, you can live well with Parkinson's.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.