trauma workplace prevention

Overview

Workplace trauma is a distressing event that happens at work and can shake your sense of safety. It may involve violence, a serious accident, harassment, or seeing something upsetting. This article explains how to prevent such events where possible and how to look after your mental health if they happen.

It is quite common. Many people will face a frightening or upsetting event during their working life, though the impact varies from person to person.

It can affect any worker, including first responders, health and social care staff, teachers, customer service workers, and anyone who has been through a shocking incident. Younger and older workers may have different support needs.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Feeling shocked, numb, or in disbelief
• Anxiety or panic attacks
• Sadness or frequent crying
• Anger or irritability
• Trouble sleeping or nightmares
• Difficulty focusing or remembering things
• Avoiding places or situations that remind you of the event

Symptoms in children

• Irritability or tantrums
• Difficulty concentrating at school or work
• Clinginess or fear of being alone
• Physical complaints like headaches or stomach-aches
• Avoiding work or activities they used to enjoy

Symptoms in older adults

• More tiredness and physical aches
• Increased confusion or memory problems
• Withdrawal from social activities
• Changes in appetite or sleep
• Slower return to usual routines

Causes

Main causes

• Being physically attacked or threatened
• Being in or witnessing a serious accident
• Repeated bullying or harassment
• Seeing someone injured or die
• Experiencing discrimination or abuse
• Sudden job loss or public humiliation

Risk factors

• Working in high-stress or high-risk environments
• Lack of support from managers or colleagues
• Past trauma or existing mental health difficulties
• Working alone or in isolation
• Long hours and excessive job demands

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have thoughts of suicide or self-harm, get help immediately. Call your local emergency number.
• If you feel unable to cope and are in crisis, contact your local mental health crisis team or go to the emergency department.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If symptoms like anxiety, low mood, or sleep problems last more than a few weeks
• If workplace stress is affecting your ability to do your job or enjoy your life
• If you are using alcohol, drugs, or other habits to cope

Diagnosis

A doctor or mental health professional will talk with you about what happened and how you've been feeling. There are no blood tests or scans for trauma.

Tests that may be done

• You may be asked to fill in a questionnaire about your mood, stress, and how the event has affected your daily life.

What to expect at your appointment

The session is a conversation. It's confidential, and you can go at your own pace. The goal is to understand your experience and find the right support.

Treatment

Treatment usually involves talking therapies, support from your workplace, and practical help to recover. A mental health professional can guide you.

Self-care at home

• Talk to someone you trust about what happened and how you're feeling
• Try to keep a normal sleep and meal routine
• Take breaks and limit extra stress while you recover
• Avoid using alcohol or drugs to cope
• Be patient with yourself and recognise that healing takes time

Medical treatments

In some cases, a doctor may prescribe medicine to help with severe anxiety or depression, but it is not the main treatment. Any medication should be discussed with your doctor and used together with talking therapy and support.

Living with this condition

Recovering from trauma is a gradual process. You may need time off work, a phased return, or changes to your duties. Talk to your employer about what you need to feel safe and supported.

Lifestyle tips

• Get regular sleep and try to go to bed and wake up at similar times
• Stay connected with friends and family
• Limit news and social media if it feels overwhelming
• Try gentle breathing or relaxation exercises to calm your mind

Diet and exercise

Eating regular meals and moving your body gently can help stabilise your mood and energy levels. Even short walks can make a difference.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Trauma can cause anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. These are treatable, and seeking support is a sign of strength, not weakness.

Prevention

Many workplace traumas can be prevented when employers assess risks, train staff, and build a positive safety culture. Employees can also take steps to protect their wellbeing, such as reporting hazards and speaking up about unsafe situations.

Complications

If left untreated

• Chronic anxiety or depression
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Burnout and difficulty concentrating
• Strained relationships with loved ones and colleagues
• Increased risk of substance misuse

Long-term outlook

With the right support, most people recover from workplace trauma and can feel safe and confident in their work again. Getting help early makes a big difference, and there are many effective treatments and support options available.

Find support

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