17954 Uterine Artery Embolization

Overview

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a procedure used to treat uterine fibroids. Fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the womb (uterus). UAE works by blocking the blood vessels that supply blood to the fibroids. Without blood, the fibroids shrink, and symptoms like heavy periods and pelvic pain often improve. It is an alternative to surgery for some people.

UAE is a common treatment for fibroids in many countries. It is often chosen by people who want to avoid surgery or keep their uterus.

UAE is usually for adults with symptomatic fibroids who have finished having children or who want to discuss fertility risks with their doctor. It is not recommended during pregnancy.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Heavy or long menstrual periods
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Frequent urination or trouble emptying your bladder
• Feeling full in your lower belly
• Pain during sex

Causes

Risk factors

• Age between 30 and 50
• Family history of fibroids
• Being of African descent
• Obesity
• Starting periods early

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• You have heavy bleeding that soaks through a pad or tampon every hour for several hours
• You have severe pelvic pain
• You feel dizzy or faint
• You have a fever after the procedure

Book a routine appointment if:

• Your periods are heavy or painful and affect your daily life
• You feel pressure or fullness in your lower belly
• You need to urinate often or have trouble urinating
• You want to discuss treatment options for fibroids

Diagnosis

Before UAE, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. They will likely order imaging tests to confirm fibroids and see where they are. You will also meet with an interventional radiologist (a doctor who performs UAE) to talk about the procedure.

Tests that may be done

• Ultrasound scan (using sound waves to create a picture of your uterus)
• MRI scan (using magnets and radio waves to create detailed images)
• Blood tests to check for anemia or other health issues

What to expect at your appointment

You will have a chance to ask questions. The doctor will explain the procedure, its benefits, and possible risks. You may need to stop eating or drinking for a few hours before the procedure.

Treatment

UAE is performed by an interventional radiologist. You will be awake but given medicine to help you relax. A tiny tube is guided into the blood vessels that feed the fibroids, and tiny particles are injected to block them. This cuts off the fibroids' blood supply, so they shrink.

Self-care at home

• Rest for a few days after the procedure
• Take pain relief as advised by your doctor
• Use a hot water bottle for cramps
• Drink plenty of fluids
• Avoid heavy lifting for a week or two

Medical treatments

Other treatments for fibroids include medications to control bleeding and pain, hormonal treatments, and surgery. Your doctor can discuss these options with you. UAE is one choice among several.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery may be recommended if UAE is not suitable for you, if you have other health conditions, or if you prefer surgery. Surgery options include removing fibroids (myomectomy) or removing the uterus (hysterectomy).

Living with this condition

You may have some cramping and pain for a few days after UAE. Most people feel better within a week, but it can take a few months for fibroid symptoms to fully improve. You can go back to normal activities gradually.

Lifestyle tips

• Start with gentle walks and increase activity as you feel able
• Eat a healthy diet to help your body heal
• Get plenty of rest
• Ask for help from family and friends during recovery

Diet and exercise

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Drink water. Gentle exercise like walking can help you recover, but avoid intense workouts until you feel ready.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

It is normal to feel anxious before and after a procedure. Talk to your doctor about any worries. Support from friends and family can help. If you feel overwhelmed, ask your healthcare team for mental health support.

Prevention

You cannot prevent uterine fibroids, but you can manage symptoms and make informed choices about treatment. UAE is a treatment, not a prevention.

Vaccines

There is no vaccine for fibroids.

Screening programmes

There is no routine screening for fibroids. See your doctor if you have symptoms like heavy periods or pelvic pain.

Complications

If left untreated

• Fibroids can grow and cause heavier bleeding, leading to anemia
• Pelvic pain and pressure may get worse
• Fibroids can press on the bladder or bowel, causing problems
• Rarely, fibroids can cause serious complications

Long-term outlook

Most people recover well from UAE and have relief from their symptoms. The fibroids shrink over several months. Some people may need further treatment if symptoms return. Your doctor will follow up with you.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.